Binary Numbers and Base 2 Calculation for Longs

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An unsigned byte can hold values in the range [0 .. 255].
A signed byte can hold values in the range [-128 .. 127].
An unsigned short integer (2 bytes, 16 bits) can hold values in the range [0 .. 65535].
A signed short integer can hold values in the range [-32768 .. 32767].

The architecture and programming language determine what the size of the basic integer type is. In modern systems it is usually 32 bits (4 bytes), but on some (mostly older) machines, it is 16 bits (2 bytes).