I learnt to program in python and php, so i'm used to having dynamic and associative lists (php's array, and pythons dictionary). As c++ requires you define the type of each variable, and define the type used when initialising a vector or list, I have been unable to find something which could emulate what I used in php & python.

Is there something within the standard library which allows this kind of data structure? Or is this a drawback I have to work around when coding in c++?