Thread: how i create a window whith all it's elements

hi. every one, I just create a window. but it's emty and blank without any file menu,Edit menu, how can i make a window with all elements. i need help for this . and thank you.

my code was like this

Code:

#include <windows.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowFunc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

char szWinName[] = "MyWin"; /* name of window class */

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hThisInst, HINSTANCE hPrevInst,
                   LPSTR lpszArgs, int nWinMode)
{
  HWND hwnd;
  MSG msg;
  WNDCLASSEX wcl;

  /* Define a window class. */
  wcl.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

  wcl.hInstance = hThisInst; /* handle to this instance */
  wcl.lpszClassName = szWinName; /* window class name */
  wcl.lpfnWndProc = WindowFunc; /* window function */
  wcl.style = 0; /* default style */

  wcl.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); /* large icon */
  wcl.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_WINLOGO); /* small icon */
  wcl.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); /* cursor style */

  wcl.lpszMenuName = NULL; /* no menu */
  wcl.cbClsExtra = 0; /* no extra */
  wcl.cbWndExtra = 0; /* information needed */

  /* Make the window background white. */
  wcl.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);

  /* Register the window class. */
  if(!RegisterClassEx(&wcl)) return 0;

  /* Now that a window class has been registered, a window
     can be created. */
  hwnd = CreateWindow(
    szWinName, /* name of window class */
    "Windows NT Skeleton", /* title */
    WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, /* window style - normal */
    CW_USEDEFAULT, /* X coordinate - let Windows decide */
    CW_USEDEFAULT, /* Y coordinate - let Windows decide */
    CW_USEDEFAULT, /* width - let Windows decide */
    CW_USEDEFAULT, /* height - let Windows decide */
    HWND_DESKTOP, /* no parent window */
    NULL,
    hThisInst, /* handle of this instance of the program */
    NULL /* no additional arguments */
  );

  /* Display the window. */
  ShowWindow(hwnd, nWinMode);
  UpdateWindow(hwnd);

  /* Create the message loop. */
  while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
  {
    TranslateMessage(&msg); /* allow use of keyboard */
    DispatchMessage(&msg); /* return control to Windows NT */
  }
  return msg.wParam;
}

/* This function is called by Windows NT and is passed
   messages from the message queue.
*/
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowFunc(HWND hwnd, UINT message,
                            WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
  switch(message) {
    case WM_DESTROY: /* terminate the program */
      PostQuitMessage(0);
      break;
    default:
      /* Let Windows NT process any messages not specified in
         the preceding switch statement. */
      return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
  }
  return 0;
}

there are two ways to go about doing this

1) use a resource file

first start a new header file for you project called "resource.h" or something
and put this code in:

Code:

#include <windows.h>
#define IDM_MENU 101
#define ID_FILE_EXIT 102
#define ID_EDIT_COPY 103
#define ID_HELP_ABOUT 104

IDM_MENU is the identifier of our menu

everything else will be the unique IDs our widnow will use to identify the buttons in our menu

next put a resource file in your project and pop this code in:

Code:

#include "resource.h"
IDM_MENU MENU
BEGIN
    POPUP "&File"
    {
        MENUITEM "E&xit", ID_FILE_EXIT
    }

    POPUP "&Edit"
    {
        MENUITEM "Copy",ID_EDIT_COPY
    POPUP "&Help"
    {
        MENUITEM "&About", ID_HELP_ABOUT
    }
END

you use that syntax in a resource file to actually make your menu, so remember it or save it, hopefully it is pretty straight forward though
the MENU declares the whole menu bar on the top of the window

the POPUP is a button on the menu

MENUITEMs are the buttons on the drop down menus that appear when you click on one of the menu options(POPUPs)

now we have to attach our menu to the window, so include resource.h in your .cpp file and change

Code:

wcl.lpszMenuName = NULL; /* no menu */

to

Code:

wcl.lpszMenuName = MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDM_MENU); /* there is now a menu */

compile and run that ........ homes

2) use HMENU

first make a resource.h header file like we did in the last one but this time you don't need to define the IDM_MENU ID

this way doesn't use a resource file, instead storing our menu in a variable of type HMENU

put this code at the top of your source file:

Code:

HMENU hMenu, hSubMenu;

hMenu will be used to store the menu, and hSubMenu will be used to create the individual options

anyway, go to your windows process and add WM_CREATE to the message switch

under the WM_CREATE put the following code:

Code:

hMenu = CreateMenu();

hSubMenu = CreatePopupMenu();
AppendMenu(hSubMenu, MF_STRING, ID_FILE_EXIT, "E&xit");
AppendMenu(hMenu, MF_STRING | MF_POPUP, (UINT)hSubMenu, "&File");

hSubMenu = CreatePopupMenu();
AppendMenu(hSubMenu, MF_STRING, ID_EDIT_COPY, "&Copy");
AppendMenu(hMenu, MF_STRING | MF_POPUP, (UINT)hSubMenu, "&Edit");

hSubMenu = CreatePopupMenu();
AppendMenu(hSubMenu, MF_STRING, ID_HELP_ABOUT, "&About");
AppendMenu(hMenu, MF_STRING | MF_POPUP, (UINT)hSubMenu, "&Help");

again pretty straightforward, but to explain it let's dissect this

Code:

hMenu = CreateMenu();

creates the menu

Code:

hSubMenu = CreatePopupMenu();

create hSubMenu as a poup menu and clear out anything that may have been in it

Code:

AppendMenu(hSubMenu, MF_STRING, ID_EDIT_COPY, "&Exit");

Add an "exit" button to hSubMenu

Code:

AppendMenu(hMenu, MF_STRING | MF_POPUP, (UINT)hSubMenu, "&File");

Add hSubMenu to hMenu under the label "File"

and then we are just repeating it for each popup menu

Lastly, to attach the menu to our window

Code:

SetMenu(hwnd, hMenu);

if it doesn't work tell me and i will fix what i did wrong but i think i remembered everything right