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try using perror() to if 'result' is negative. it will give you more information on the error.

I'd advise you to use stat(2) and then use the macro S_ISDIR to filter out all the directories. Please refer to the man page of stat(2) for more information.

Your solution is correct and will work because you are passing an address to blit_and_fade(), and the type used for addresses in most systems is unsigned long.

But a more precise solution would be...

Raw sockets only reduces the work done by the kernel. There is an option IP_HDRINCL for the socket, which when NOT set, the kernel will add an IP header before sending the data on the network. If the...

sendto(2) is not confined to sending data on raw sockets. It is also used for UDP sockets which require a port number. While using it for raw sockets the port number need not be set.