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Wine is a layer on top of Linux which translates system calls from Win32 programs into the correct Linux system calls and the other way around.

Sounds simple, yet it's extremely difficult, since...

It's easy to convert a binary into assembler code, and it's even possible to convert it into C/C++ or any other programming language, yet the result won't be pretty and probably in no way resemble...

If you've got a function in which a variable is created, normally this variable would be created in the stack and would be cleared after the function returns the result (or not, if it returns void)....

Two words: alphabetical order :)