Question about arrays

Hi, im making a program to convert any number to binary using the division method. Its just dividing the number by 2 and saving the remainders (which will either 1 or 0 ).
At first I tought of just printing out the remainder saved in the variable rem, but there were some problems with 1 digit numbers, and the remainders are not in the correct order. For example the remainders of 10 are: 0101, but this of course isnt 10 in binary, you would have to start with the las bit, and go backwards, so it would be 1010.
So later i thought, why not putting the remainder inside an array? So thats what i did.
heres what i wrote:

Code:

---


...
int rem[100];
int i;
int n;
...
...
i = n;

c = 0;

while ( i > 2)
    {
          a = n / 2;
          rem[c] = n % 2;
          n = a;
          i--;
          c++;
          if ( n == 0)
          {
              break;
          }
    }

---

ok, here is my question: If the number is 10, there are 4 elements in the array (0101), but i cant know that the number is 10, because its the user who has input that number so i cant know how many elements have been used in my array. How can i program this thing to print in the screen all the elements of the array, without knowing how many elements are there ( i cant do this: cout<< rem[0]<<rem[1]...), and how can i reverse that order, so that the last element is the first one.

Maybe its a stupid question, but im studying this for the first time :)

waiting anxiously for your answer!! thanks in advance.

First, consider how you'd print the elements in normal order, forwards. If you know about for loops, you might come up with something like this:

Code:

---

for(int x = 0; x < digits; x ++) {
    std::cout << digit[x];
}

std::cout << std::endl;

---

(If you don't know about for loops, it's time you did: http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/lesson3.html)

With some thought, you can see that this will work backwards as well . . .

Code:

---

for(int x = digits - 1; x >= 0; x --) {
    // ...

---

I'm not sure if that answers your question or not . . . .

thanks, i will try that

Quote:

---

How can i program this thing to print in the screen all the elements of the array, without knowing how many elements are there ( i cant do this: cout<< rem[0]<<rem[1]...), and how can i reverse that order, so that the last element is the first one.

---

You can almost certainly determine how many elements are in the array. If the data entered by the user was read as a string, you can use strlen() on it, or the .length() member of C++ std::strings. It probably wasn't read as a number, but even if it was, you can do this, too.

I think perhaps you'd be interested in looking at this program.

Code:

---

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>

int main() {
    std::string data, rev;
   
    while(std::getline(std::cin, data)) {
        std::cout << "==== Processing number \"" << data << '"' << std::endl;
       
        std::cout << "Printed forwards:  \"";
        for(int x = 0; x < data.length(); x ++) {
            std::cout << data[x];
        }
        std::cout << '"' << std::endl;
       
        // build a string, the reverse of data
        rev = "";
        for(int x = data.length() - 1; x >= 0; x --) {
            rev += data[x];
        }
       
        std::cout << "Printed backwards: \"" << rev << '"' << std::endl;
       
        std::cout << "Converted to decimal via strtol(): "
            << std::strtol(rev.c_str(), NULL, 2) << std::endl;
    }
   
    return 0;
}

---

Notes: strtol() is limited to the range of a long. If you want higher values, you'll have to do the addition yourself. It's not hard. Do it as you would do it on paper.

Your compiler may warn you about "comparison between signed and unsigned integer expressions". This is because I used ints, a signed type, and std::string::length() returns an unsigned type. I didn't use an unsigned type because it messes up "x >= 0", and I didn't want the example to be too confusing . . . .

wow nice program, very similar to what i want to do :)
but the remainders are numbers, how can i convert numbers to strings?

Well . . . you can convert a digit, from 0 to 9, to a character which can be stored in a char, by adding '0':

Code:

---

int number = 4;
char character = number + '0';

---

It doesn't work for 10 and above, though, because you can't store "10" in a character. It's two characters. :)

You can convert a number with more than one digit into a char array, a C-style string. It's a little complicated and I'll leave the explanation to the FAQ: http://faq.cprogramming.com/cgi-bin/...&id=1043284385

You can convert a character or a char array to a std::string very easily.

Code:

---

char c = '3';
char str[] = "123";
std::string one = c, two = str;
// or
std::string one2(c), two2(str);

---

On a side note, you probably don't really need to convert the numbers to strings or characters or anything. You can just print them . . . .

ok, i've done it with the for loop, but theres a little problem. This is what i wrote:

Code:

---

for (rev = c; c >= 0; c--)
    {
        cout<< rem[c];
    }

---

the output, whatever number i put is always:
rarenumer(binary numer);
example:
with 30:
411110
with 25:
411001
with 15:
26873041111

what do i have to do to print only the binary number? and why do the rare number always appear?

Notice my code.

Code:

---

for(int x = data.length() - 1; x >= 0; x --) {

---

I subtract 1. Here's why.

With a string like "123", strlen() and .length() return 3, because that's how many characters are in the string. However, string[3] will give you the NULL, if it's there. If you want to print every character in the string, you have to start at 2, that is, length-1, and go until 0, inclusive. (Hence >= 0, not > 0.)

it doesn't work.

I think its better if a put all the code :)

Code:

---


#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
    int a, i, n, c, rev;
    int rem[100];
   
    cout<<"write a number: ";
    cin>> n;
   
    i = n;
    c = 0;
   
    cout<<"binary number: ";
    while ( i > 2)
    {
          a = n / 2;
          rem[c] = n % 2;
          n = a;
          i--;
          c++;
          if ( n == 0)
          {
              break;
          }
    }
     
    cout<<endl;
    for (rev = c - 1; c >= 0; c--)
    {
        cout<< rem[c];
    }
       
    cout<<"\n"<<endl;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

---

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by dwks

Notice my code.

Code:

---

for(int x = data.length() - 1; x >= 0; x --) {

---

---

You can do a backwards loop like this with an unsigned type like std::size_t as follows:

Code:

---

for (std::size_t x=data.length(); x>0;) {
  --x;
  // rest of loop code
}

---

Note that the decrement has to be inside the loop body, at the beginning, not in the for statement, since "x>=0" is always true. The same trick works with backwards pointer/iterator loops to insure that an invalid pointer/iterator value is never assigned (which triggers UB). I'm not sure whether std::string::size_type is guaranteed to be the same as std::size_t, though from the following link it appears the corresponding guarantee holds with std::vector<T> if the standard allocator is used.

http://www.thescripts.com/forum/thread130058.html

Code:

---

    for (rev = c - 1; c >= 0; c--)
    {
        cout<< rem[c];
    }

---

This should be:

Code:

---

    for (rev = c - 1; rev >= 0; rev--)
    {
        cout<< rem[rev];
    }

---

You should be using a counter variable and print from the index of the counter variable.
Btw, in C++, you can get away with just int main() and not int main(void).

thanks to everybody. I've finally done it.

instead of doing cout<<rem[rev] (which also worked thanks elysia :) ) i erased the rev variable and continued with the c variable:

Code:

---


for (c = c -1; c>= 0; c--)
{
    cout<<rem[c];
}

---

thanks :)