Extract integer value from STL string

I have a file cached in memory in a variable of type std::string. The first two bytes in hex are 12 00, which give the length of a substring within the buffer following these two bytes.

How can I copy the value of these two bytes to an integer variable directly from the buffer (NOT from the original file), giving it the value 18? I don't want to use vectors or kind of special data structures besides a standard STL string. Just need a simple one or two liner to do it.

I'm tempted to just say

Code:

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memcpy(&len, buffer.c_str(), 2);

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The string class includes a member function called substr. Given a starting position and a character count, this function returns a sub string. This will allow us to extract the first two characters of the string.

The next problem is how to convert a string containing hexadecimal digits into an integer. Our first option is the C function strtol. This function, short for string to long, takes a string and a base and returns the converted integer.

If we wanted to avoid the C function and use a C++ style technique, we could instead use the istringstream class. This class behaves similar to cin, but instead of extracting values from console input, it extracts values from a string.

Once you have extracted a value, you should check to make sure it is valid and that you don't read past the end of your buffer.

Three methods are demonstrated in the following sample:

Code:

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#include <iostream>  // For cout
#include <sstream>  // For istringstream
#include <string>    // For string
#include <iomanip>  // For setbase
#include <cstdlib>  // For strtol
using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
        int    n;
        string s = "12 00";

        n = strtol(s.substr(0, 2).c_str(), NULL, 16);
        cout << "Using strtol: " << n << endl;

        istringstream instream(s.substr(0, 2));
        instream >> setbase(16) >> n;
        cout << "Using istringstream: " << n << endl;

        istringstream(s.substr(0, 2)) >> setbase(16) >> n;
        cout << "Using istringstream with inline construction: " << n << endl;

        cin.get();
}

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[edit]As pointed out by Sang-drax, this won't work if the data is in binary format. In my opinion, std::vector<unsigned char> is a more appropriate container for binary data than a std::string.[/edit]

anonytmouse, he was going to read binary data.

Create a istringstream and use the .read() member function to read binary data.

But if memcpy() works, why not use it?

I dunno, does it really matter whether I use C or C++? They both work...are there any advantages/disadvantages of using either one at all? Could a buffer overflow be exploited?

How exactly would I use a vector? What would be stored in each element? Assuming you mean each character of the buffer is an element, what if a value spanned across more than one element?

In case you didn't see in the other thread:

Quote:

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Originally Posted by Hunter2

Well, first of all (as far as I can tell) your string will only contain these first two bytes - since the second byte is 0x00, i.e. 0 or NULL, the string is terminated after the first character. You should use a vector of char or unsigned char if you're planning on handling binary data, to avoid this sort of conflict.

Anyway, assuming these 2 bytes represent a short (or unsigned short):
Code:

//Assuming the data's stored in a vector<char>:
unsigned short substrLen = *(unsigned short*)(&(data[0]));

This basically reinterprets the address of the first byte as a pointer to unsigned short, then dereferences it to retrieve the value of the first (sizeof(unsigned short)) bytes, interpreted as an unsigned short.

You could also use reinterpret_cast<unsigned short*> or whatever instead of just (unsigned short*) for the typecast, but I'm not too familiar with exactly which cast does what, so I usually just stick with good 'ol C-style typecasting.

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>>does it really matter whether I use C or C++?
No, except that C++ provides a lot of things that make life a little easier.

>>Could a buffer overflow be exploited?
For this? Probably not, if you do things properly. And using one language or the other won't make a difference.

>>How exactly would I use a vector?
See above. Also, you could use memcpy() instead of the *(unsigned short*) thing.

>>What would be stored in each element?
If it's a vector of char or unsigned char, then each element will hold one byte. Exactly the same as if you used a char* or unsigned char*, but safer.

>>what if a value spanned across more than one element?
If a value spans across more than one element, i.e. it's 4 bytes long, then it spans across however many elements it needs to. What more is there to say? ;)

**EDIT**
>>Create a istringstream and use the .read() member function to read binary data.
How does that work? Won't it still be truncated at the first 0?

cool. so how do I extract a string of variable length from the vector and put it into a std::string?

>>and put it into a std::string?
That's the tricky part. Well, off the top of my head, you could do it like this:

Code:

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std::vector<char> strBytes(size + 1, '\0');
std::copy(data.begin() + offset, data.begin() + offset + size, strBytes.begin());

std::string str(&(strBytes[0]));

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offset is the position in the data buffer that the string is located at, and size is the length of the string.

**EDIT**
If you prefer the C way:

Code:

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std::vector<char> strBytes(size + 1, '\0');
memcpy(&(strBytes[0]), &(data[0]), size);
std::string str = strBytes;

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Actually, I want to be copying size, since the string in the buffer isn't null-terminated ;) So, it would seem I don't need the + 1.

Also, it wasn't copying (size + 2) elements, because the 2nd parameter is supposed to point to 1 element past the last element you want copied (emulated .end() sort of thing) - so I was copying only 1 too much.

I'll edit my original post.

**EDIT**
What the heck.. someone's post just vanished above this one... :confused:

thanks. After taking a long nap (it's spring break), I thought of another way myself.

myStr = string(buffer.begin() + offset, buffer.begin() + offset + size);

Well, I think I have all the info I need. I just have to make a choice of how I want to program and stick with it. These are my options as far as I can tell:

use istringstream (I did get .read to work even with the 0 byte)

use memset

use vectors

>>myStr = string(buffer.begin() + offset, buffer.begin() + offset + size);
:o Serves me right for not knowing my string constructors.

Glad you figured it out.

Yes, Hunter, I realized my mistake before you posted :) Forgot STL iterators want the end element.