overloading << problems

Hi,

I am trying to overload << as a friend class. As far as I understand, if class "a" declares "friend class b" then class b should be able to access all private and public members of class a, if this is incorrect then I have more problems than I thought. Otherwise, why doesn't this code work? The compiler error is :
error C2248: 'emp_name' : cannot access private member declared in class 'employee'

This is the relevant segment of the code:

Code:

---

class employee
{
private:
        char *emp_name;
        double rate, current_charge;
        int current_job_hrs;
public:
        employee(double e_rt, char *e_nam="Able", int e_curr_hrs=0)
                : rate(e_rt), current_job_hrs(e_curr_hrs)
        {
                strcpy(emp_name, e_nam);
        }

        ~employee()
        {
                cout << "Consultant destructor called for "
                        << *emp_name
                        << " by Matt Rossner and Vic Uppal"
                        << endl
                        << endl;

                delete emp_name;
        }

        void set_current_job_hrs(int hrs) { current_job_hrs = hrs; }

        virtual void calc_charge() { current_charge = current_job_hrs * rate; }

        friend ostream& operator <<(ostream& out, const employee& emp);

};

class home_employee : public employee
{
private:
        double office_rate;

public:
        home_employee(char *he_name, double he_rt, double he_ofc_rt=5);
       
        friend ostream& operator <<(ostream& out, const employee& emp)
        {
                out << "For home employee named "
                        << emp.emp_name
                        << "the charges so far are $"
                        << emp.current_charge;

                return out;
        }
       
};

home_employee::home_employee(char *he_name, double he_rt, double he_ofc_rt)
        : employee(he_rt, he_name), office_rate(he_ofc_rt) {}

ostream& operator <<(ostream& out, const home_employee& emp)
{
        out << "For employee named "
                << emp.emp_name
                << "the charges so far are $"
                << emp.current_charge;

        return out;
}

---

Thanks for any help out there.

Looks like you are confusing a few things. Don't confuse the difference between a friend function and a friend object.

All of the "operator <<()" functions are just that, functions - ie. not methods of any class. The compiler knows what to call by type matching on the functions parameters.

This function is not declared as a friend of any object

Code:

---

ostream& operator <<(ostream& out, const home_employee& emp)

---

If you want this function to access non-public members of home_employee, then the function must be declared a friend in that class.

If you want to use polymorphism for printing, then add something like this to your base class, then you only need to overload operator<<() once for the base class by simply calling print()

Code:

---

virtual ostream& print(ostream &out) const;

---

gg

Member or friend functions of a derived class do not have a direct access to private data of base class.

thanks alot, I will make some modifications