free function error.

I try to use free() 4 times but i have some errors here....can anyone help? The first two are ok! i think the problem is on the last two...

Code:

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        free (plaintext);
                free (ch);
                free (ciphertext);
                free (newplaintext);

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Code:

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cs091770@cs091770-Aspire-6930G:~/Desktop$ ./a.out
Please type k (length): 33
Please type the text for coding: as"this is the text to be coded"asg

this is the text to be coded

        Encoding in progress...

t h i s  i
s  t h e 
t e x t  t
o  b e  c
o d e d 
     

Encoding completed:
tstooh e ditxbeshted e  i tc

        Decoding in progress...

t s t o o 
h  e  d 
i t x b e 
s h t e d 
  e     
i  t c 

Decoded completed:
this is the text to be coded
*** glibc detected *** ./a.out: free(): invalid next size (fast): 0x08f4c0b0 ***
======= Backtrace: =========
/lib/libc.so.6(+0x6c501)[0xb7624501]
/lib/libc.so.6(+0x6dd70)[0xb7625d70]
/lib/libc.so.6(cfree+0x6d)[0xb7628e5d]
./a.out[0x8048a9c]
/lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xe7)[0xb75cece7]
./a.out[0x80484f1]
======= Memory map: ========
08048000-08049000 r-xp 00000000 08:17 3015133    /home/cs091770/Desktop/a.out
08049000-0804a000 r--p 00000000 08:17 3015133    /home/cs091770/Desktop/a.out
0804a000-0804b000 rw-p 00001000 08:17 3015133    /home/cs091770/Desktop/a.out
08f4c000-08f6d000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0          [heap]
b7400000-b7421000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
b7421000-b7500000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
b7587000-b75a1000 r-xp 00000000 08:17 7864399    /lib/libgcc_s.so.1
b75a1000-b75a2000 r--p 00019000 08:17 7864399    /lib/libgcc_s.so.1
b75a2000-b75a3000 rw-p 0001a000 08:17 7864399    /lib/libgcc_s.so.1
b75b6000-b75b8000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
b75b8000-b770f000 r-xp 00000000 08:17 7866647    /lib/libc-2.12.1.so
b770f000-b7710000 ---p 00157000 08:17 7866647    /lib/libc-2.12.1.so
b7710000-b7712000 r--p 00157000 08:17 7866647    /lib/libc-2.12.1.so
b7712000-b7713000 rw-p 00159000 08:17 7866647    /lib/libc-2.12.1.so
b7713000-b7716000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
b7716000-b773a000 r-xp 00000000 08:17 7864575    /lib/libm-2.12.1.so
b773a000-b773b000 r--p 00023000 08:17 7864575    /lib/libm-2.12.1.so
b773b000-b773c000 rw-p 00024000 08:17 7864575    /lib/libm-2.12.1.so
b774d000-b7751000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
b7751000-b7752000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0          [vdso]
b7752000-b776e000 r-xp 00000000 08:17 7864373    /lib/ld-2.12.1.so
b776e000-b776f000 r--p 0001b000 08:17 7864373    /lib/ld-2.12.1.so
b776f000-b7770000 rw-p 0001c000 08:17 7864373    /lib/ld-2.12.1.so
bfe0d000-bfe2e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0          [stack]
Aborted

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Where's the code!
How do you allocate memory..?

It is probable that the error lies in the code before the snippet that you posted, e.g., you incremented those pointers so they are different from what was returned by malloc, realloc or calloc.

mmm....
first of all i can not post the code cause it is an exersice...

1) i use only malloc.
2) and i am sure that the allocation is right.

laserlight, malloc returns char or not?

this is an example of what i wrote:

Code:

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char *A;
A=(char *)malloc(n*sizeof(char));

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Then we can't do anything to help you.
Possible causes:
You pass invalid pointer(not from malloc/calloc/realloc) to free.
You overwrite the heap.

Quote:

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Originally Posted by brack

malloc returns char or not?

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malloc returns a pointer to void.

Quote:

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Originally Posted by brack

this is an example of what i wrote:

char *A;
A=(char *)malloc(n*sizeof(char));

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The problem probably lies between this and free. For example, this is a mistake:

Code:

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size_t n = 100;
char *p = malloc(n * sizeof(*p));
++p; /* assume that malloc did not return a null pointer */
free(p); /* oops, p no longer points to what was returned by malloc! */

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i think i got what you mean laserlight but i "play" with arrays...
i can post this part...is it helpfull?

Code:

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/* Allocating space for ch */
                ch = (char **)malloc(size*sizeof(char *));
                        for(i=0; i<size; i++){
                                ch[i] = (char *)malloc(size*sizeof(char));
                        }
                        if(ch == NULL){
                                printf("Error in allocating ch' s space.\n");
                                exit(1);
                        }
               
                /* Allocating space for ciphertext */
                ciphertext = (char *)malloc((size^2)*sizeof(char));
                        if(ciphertext == NULL){
                                printf("Error in allocating ciphertext space.\n");
                                exit(1);
                        }
                       
                /* Allocating space for newplaintext */
                newplaintext = (char *)malloc((size^2)*sizeof(char));
                        if(newplaintext == NULL){
                                printf("Error in allocating newplaintext space.\n");
                                exit(1);
                        }
               
        printf("\n\tEncoding in progress...\n");
               
                /* Stores the 1-dim plaintext in 2-dim ch */
                store_text(plaintext, k, ch, size);
               
                /* Printing what 2-dim ch contains */
                print_2darray(ch, size);
               
                /* Coding the text( 2-dim ch to 1-dim ciphertext ) */
                get_text(ch, size, ciphertext); // ch is [size][size] where ciphertest is [sixe]^2
               
                /* Printing the coded 1-dim ciphertext */
                printf("\n\nEncoding completed:");
                print_text(ciphertext, size);
       
        printf ("\n\tDecoding in progress...\n");
               
                /* Store the coded text 1-dim ciphertext to 2-dim ch array */
                store_text(ciphertext, size , ch, size);
               
                /* Prints the 2-dim ch array(coded text) */
                print_2darray(ch, size);
               
                /* Decoding the 2-dim ch array and stores the values to 1-dim newplaintext(decoded) with n^2 size */
                get_text(ch, size, newplaintext);

                /*Prints the 1-dim newplaintext array(decoded) */
                printf("\n\nDecoded completed:");
                print_text(newplaintext, size);
               
                /* Free the allocatin spaces */       
                free (plaintext);
                free (ch);
                free (ciphertext);
                free (newplaintext);

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This looks suspicious:

Code:

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ciphertext = (char *)malloc((size^2)*sizeof(char));

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are you aware that ^ is the bitwise xor operator?

probably not....can you explain it for me please? what you mean?

x^2 does not mean x power 2. Look up bitwise operator in C.
You probably mean x * x.

yes it is correct thanks guys....this solved the problem!
So this operator is called bitwise (^)?

Basically i have done some digital design with boole operators etc and i know almost what you mean...
one last question, you advice me to use x*x when i want to power something ?

Quote:

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Originally Posted by brack

yes it is correct thanks guys....this solved the problem!
So this operator is called bitwise (^)?

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Not just bitwise operator, but rather (in particular) the bitwise xor (exclusive-or) operator as indicated by laserlight. Others can be found here.

Quote:

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Originally Posted by brack

one last question, you advice me to use x*x when i want to power something ?

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In this particular example it's easy enough to duplicate "x to the power of 2" by simply using x * x in your code. There is also a function that can be used for this.

Quote:

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Originally Posted by brack

yes it is correct thanks guys....this solved the problem!
So this operator is called bitwise (^)?

Basically i have done some digital design with boole operators etc and i know almost what you mean...
one last question, you advice me to use x*x when i want to power something ?

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That operator is called bitwise XOR.

thanks a lot!!! :)