Undefined Reference to functions, that CAN be found

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08-26-2009
Carola

Undefined Reference to functions, that CAN be found

Hi!

I'm using GNU's gsl-library, which I installed and configured in C::B,
When I try to build, C::B gives me the following error messages:

Code:

Code:

||=== HH, Debug ===| obj\Debug\main.o||In function `_Z21singular_value_decompv':| D:\2 - Bouwkunde\070901 - MSc Bouwkunde aan TUe\PROJ FEM-Tool\1 - Programma HH\main.cpp|5194|undefined reference to `_gsl_matrix_alloc'| D:\2 - Bouwkunde\070901 - MSc Bouwkunde aan TUe\PROJ FEM-Tool\1 - Programma HH\main.cpp|5197|undefined reference to `_gsl_matrix_set'| D:\2 - Bouwkunde\070901 - MSc Bouwkunde aan TUe\PROJ FEM-Tool\1 - Programma HH\main.cpp|5203|undefined reference to `_gsl_matrix_alloc'| D:\2 - Bouwkunde\070901 - MSc Bouwkunde aan TUe\PROJ FEM-Tool\1 - Programma HH\main.cpp|5204|undefined reference to `_gsl_vector_alloc'| D:\2 - Bouwkunde\070901 - MSc Bouwkunde aan TUe\PROJ FEM-Tool\1 - Programma HH\main.cpp|5205|undefined reference to `_gsl_vector_alloc'| D:\2 - Bouwkunde\070901 - MSc Bouwkunde aan TUe\PROJ FEM-Tool\1 - Programma HH\main.cpp|5207|undefined reference to `_gsl_linalg_SV_decomp'| D:\2 - Bouwkunde\070901 - MSc Bouwkunde aan TUe\PROJ FEM-Tool\1 - Programma HH\main.cpp|5210|undefined reference to `_gsl_matrix_calloc'| D:\2 - Bouwkunde\070901 - MSc Bouwkunde aan TUe\PROJ FEM-Tool\1 - Programma HH\main.cpp|5212|undefined reference to `_gsl_vector_get'| D:\2 - Bouwkunde\070901 - MSc Bouwkunde aan TUe\PROJ FEM-Tool\1 - Programma HH\main.cpp|5212|undefined reference to `_gsl_matrix_set'| D:\2 - Bouwkunde\070901 - MSc Bouwkunde aan TUe\PROJ FEM-Tool\1 - Programma HH\main.cpp|5219|undefined reference to `_gsl_matrix_get'| D:\2 - Bouwkunde\070901 - MSc Bouwkunde aan TUe\PROJ FEM-Tool\1 - Programma HH\main.cpp|5228|undefined reference to `_gsl_matrix_get'| D:\2 - Bouwkunde\070901 - MSc Bouwkunde aan TUe\PROJ FEM-Tool\1 - Programma HH\main.cpp|5237|undefined reference to `_gsl_matrix_get'| ||=== Build finished: 12 errors, 0 warnings ===|

When I right-click on the function, and choose:
Find declaration of: "gsl_matrix_alloc"
it can. And simply opens the header file in which it is stated.
Which I interpret as the library being configured correctly (true?).

So why are they "undifined references"?
Any suggestions?
Cheers, Carola
08-26-2009
tabstop

The header file is not the definition of the function -- it is the declaration of the function. You need to link in a library (which usually has the form lib<whatever>.a, or <whatever>.lib) where the actual code resides -- the GSL manual has the name(s) at the front. I forget the exact menu options, it's something like project -> options -> linker.
08-26-2009
Sebastiani

You're missing an object/library file in the project settings. Gsl should have a lib directory - take a look there and you'll probably find the file that needs to be included.
08-26-2009
Carola

I understand the header file isn't the function itself,
but C::B opens the header file in which the function is defined.
Maybe I didn't explain well:

Quote:

When I right-click on the function, and choose:
Find declaration of: "gsl_matrix_alloc"
it can. And simply opens the header file in which it is stated.

I did this to the function in the code itself:

Code:

gsl_matrix * sm3_v = gsl_matrix_alloc (sm2nn,sm2nn);

That's why I figured that I configured the library correctly in C::B
and why I don't understand why it doesn't get it when it's building.

Did I miss your point?
08-26-2009
Carola

Quote:

Originally Posted by Sebastiani

You're missing an object/library file in the project settings. Gsl should have a lib directory - take a look there and you'll probably find the file that needs to be included.

I tried to include it by the following procedure, as adviced by
Learn C++ - » A.3 — Using libraries with Code::Blocks

right-click on the project > Build Options > Linker Settings > adding library

Then it starts to do crazy things
because I get:

Code:

C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x3a)||undefined reference to `_cblas_sdsdot'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0xc3)||undefined reference to `_cblas_dsdot'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x143)||undefined reference to `_cblas_sdot'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x1c3)||undefined reference to `_cblas_ddot'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x24a)||undefined reference to `_cblas_cdotu_sub'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x2ca)||undefined reference to `_cblas_cdotc_sub'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x34a)||undefined reference to `_cblas_zdotu_sub'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x3ca)||undefined reference to `_cblas_zdotc_sub'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x42d)||undefined reference to `_cblas_snrm2'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x45d)||undefined reference to `_cblas_dnrm2'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x48d)||undefined reference to `_cblas_scnrm2'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x4bd)||undefined reference to `_cblas_dznrm2'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x4ed)||undefined reference to `_cblas_sasum'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x51d)||undefined reference to `_cblas_dasum'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x54d)||undefined reference to `_cblas_scasum'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x57d)||undefined reference to `_cblas_dzasum'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x5ad)||undefined reference to `_cblas_isamax'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x5dd)||undefined reference to `_cblas_idamax'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x60d)||undefined reference to `_cblas_icamax'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x63d)||undefined reference to `_cblas_izamax'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x683)||undefined reference to `_cblas_sswap'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x703)||undefined reference to `_cblas_dswap'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x783)||undefined reference to `_cblas_cswap'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x803)||undefined reference to `_cblas_zswap'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x883)||undefined reference to `_cblas_scopy'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x903)||undefined reference to `_cblas_dcopy'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x983)||undefined reference to `_cblas_ccopy'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0xa03)||undefined reference to `_cblas_zcopy'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0xa8a)||undefined reference to `_cblas_saxpy'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0xb0a)||undefined reference to `_cblas_daxpy'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0xb8a)||undefined reference to `_cblas_caxpy'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0xc0a)||undefined reference to `_cblas_zaxpy'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0xc72)||undefined reference to `_cblas_srotg'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0xca2)||undefined reference to `_cblas_drotg'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0xcf1)||undefined reference to `_cblas_srot'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0xd81)||undefined reference to `_cblas_drot'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0xdf9)||undefined reference to `_cblas_srotmg'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0xe39)||undefined reference to `_cblas_drotmg'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0xe8a)||undefined reference to `_cblas_srotm'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0xf0a)||undefined reference to `_cblas_drotm'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0xf74)||undefined reference to `_cblas_sscal'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0xfa4)||undefined reference to `_cblas_dscal'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0xfd4)||undefined reference to `_cblas_cscal'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x1004)||undefined reference to `_cblas_zscal'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x1034)||undefined reference to `_cblas_csscal'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x1064)||undefined reference to `_cblas_zdscal'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x1133)||undefined reference to `_cblas_sgemv'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x1203)||undefined reference to `_cblas_dgemv'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x12dd)||undefined reference to `_cblas_cgemv'| C:\Program Files\CodeBlocks\GNU\lib\libgsl.a(blas_blas.o):blas.c:(.text+0x13cd)||undefined reference to `_cblas_zgemv'| ||More errors follow but not being shown.| ||Edit the max errors limit in compiler options...| ||=== Build finished: 50 errors, 0 warnings ===|
08-26-2009
Sebastiani

>> That's why I figured that I configured the library correctly in C::B
and why I don't understand why it doesn't get it when it's building.

Code Blocks is not the compiler, it's an IDE. So whatever it knows about the code is irrelavent.

>> I tried to include it by the following procedure, as adviced by

The way linkers work is that the object/lib files have to be included in a specific order if some of them reference eachother, and that can be tricky. Look at the makefiles included with GSL and it will show what the order of inclusion should be.
08-26-2009
brewbuck

Quote:

Originally Posted by Carola

I understand the header file isn't the function itself,
but C::B opens the header file in which the function is defined.

That just proves you have the header file, not the library. And perhaps your misunderstanding is due to the belief that the function is "defined" in the header file. It is not. A function is defined (its code is available) in an object file, i.e. a library. The header file just provides type information.

If you actually look in the header file you get when you click the function, do you really think that simple line of code implements that entire function? The function implementation has to be somewhere else -- the library file, which you haven't configured properly.
08-26-2009
hk_mp5kpdw

The header pretty much is there to just allow the compiler to do its job of type checking the arguments and return values and also to check the number of arguments you're trying to pass into the function. Having and including any necessary headers correctly will simply get you past the compilation stage of building an executable (producing object code). Undefined reference errors are linker errors and not compilation errors. Linking is the next stage of building an executable program after compilation. It is the linkers job to find the actual code that implements all the various functions referenced in your program and put everything together into one nice package. Just because you can right click on a function name and have the function declaration from the header file pop-up does not mean that everything is cool, it simply means that you've included a header. The linker needs to know what library file contains the necessary code (and where it is) so it can put everything together at the end, this is done in your IDE by explicitly specifying those additional libraries that need to be included.
08-27-2009
Carola

Hi! Thanks for all the answers,
as I'm trying to get understanding of the core theory,
I hope you don't mind me asking my bunch of ignorant questions.

> hk_mp5kpdw

Thanks, that's pretty clear now.
I got some idea about it from the info I gathered on the web,
but it's hard to gain overall insight, and to be certain about what you think,
there don't seem to be a lot of 'standard procedures' to get certain things done.

> brewbuck:

no, I didn't think that complex functions are implemented by a single command line,
but I did think that through these lines other functions were called,
in a web-like or waterfall-like structure, running through ... o never mind.
It's hard, you know, at the start ;)

my latest clue, problem in compiling&linking [Archive] - FedoraForum.org,
got me to think that my problem might be that the Linker is looking for Blas....

...

which I found next to my gsl - library

PHEW!
It took me 4 (!) days to configure C::B
to be able to only run a program
but now I've got it, thanks guys!