Reading a file line by line

I'm having some trouble with reading a file line by line.

Code:

---


char *error[100];
int num[256], x = 0;
FILE *openme;

openme = fopen("test", "r");

while(1)
{
        error[x] = malloc(sizeof(char)*59);
        if ((fgets(error[x], 58, openme)) == NULL)
                break;

        x++;
}

---

All this does is take in 58 characters from the file, and throw it into a char array. Now, I'm faced with a problem here. How do I get the contents of the file one line at a time? (Where a line is any new "\n").
Consider this example string,

hi i am a string of text la la la la la la la la la la la la la la\n

The code I provided will only get the first 58 characters. How can I capture the entire line without exactly knowing how long or short it is?

Quote:

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How can I capture the entire line without exactly knowing how long or short it is?

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You can't; at least, not directly. You've got to do some work yourself.

The basic idea is to read a lot, and see if there's a newline or EOF. If so, great, you're done. If not, resize your buffer, then repeat this process. There are a number of implementations of functions that do this. GNU has getline(), and I would recommend looking at Richard Heathfield's page on reading lines. He has his own implementation as well as links to others, in addition to a detailed description of the whole problem of line reading in C.

Quote:

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Originally Posted by Raskalnikov

How can I capture the entire line without exactly knowing how long or short it is?

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Use a large buffer and then check the length of the string returned by fgets. If it is shorter than the buffer, then you have a whole line. If not, then you have more to read, and the next fgets() will pick up where the last one left off.

How you should aquire and process the line really depends on what you want to do with it. If you want every pointer in *error[100] to be a complete line, you could do something like this:

Code:

---

int len, i=0;
char buffer[4096], *error[100];
while ((fgets(buffer,64,64,openme)) {
    error[i]=malloc(strlen(buffer)+1);
    strcpy(error[i],buffer);
    i++;
}

---

This doesn't account for cases where the line could be longer than that; if that is a possibility you will have to write a slightly more complicated loop possibly with realloc().

Code:

---

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main( void ) {
    char string[30];
   
    FILE *fileptr = fopen("example.txt","r");
   
    while( feof(fileptr) != EOF ) {
        if( fgets(string, 30, fileptr) == NULL ) {
            return 0;
        }
        printf("%s", string);
    }
   
    return 0;
}

---

Example file:

Code:

---

hi there my name is sally and i'm super duper! I
really enjoy macaroni.

---

Output:

Code:

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hi there my name is sally and i'm super duper! I
really enjoy macaroni.

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Sorry for the edit, if you'd only like to get the line you could do something like this within the loop.

Code:

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if( string[strlen(string)] == '\0' ) {
        printf(" Newline\n");
}

---

Code:

---

while( feof(fileptr) != EOF ) {
    if( fgets(string, 30, fileptr) == NULL ) {
        return 0;
    }
    printf("%s", string);
}

---

feof() does not return EOF; or, at least, it is specificed as returning zero or non-zero, so it makes no sense to compare against EOF. In addition, using feof() to control a loop is usually wrong. The following loop can't be used as a general drop-in for the above loop, but the above loop's "return 0" is a pretty special case that I think, generally, would be replaced with "break", so as an improved loop:

Code:

---

while(fgets(string, sizeof string, fileptr) != NULL)
{
  printf("%s", string);
}

---

Next:

Code:

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if( string[strlen(string)] == '\0' ) {
        printf(" Newline\n");
}

---

string[strlen(string)] is always 0 (which is the same as '\0'), or undefined. The above test is therefore not useful. strlen() gives the length of a string, minus its terminating null character (which all strings must have). So:

Code:

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char s[] = "hi";
size_t n = strlen(s); /* This is 2 */
/* s[0] is 'h', s[1] is 'i', and s[2] is 0 */

---

Quote:

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Originally Posted by cas

feof() does not return EOF; or, at least, it is specificed as returning zero or non-zero, so it makes no sense to compare against EOF

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EOF is defined as -1 (in stdio.h), which is nonzero and aids in the reading of the code.

Quote:

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Originally Posted by cas

string[strlen(string)] is always 0 (which is the same as '\0'), or undefined.

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That's true, apologies it was added in a rush. The use of feof is fine there, though removing it and following your example is more efficient. The loop looking like this now:

Code:

---

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main( void ) {
        short maxSize = 30;
        char string[maxSize];
       
        FILE *fileptr = fopen("example.txt","r");
       
        while( fgets(string, maxSize, fileptr) != NULL ) {
                printf("%s", string);
                if( strlen(string) != maxSize - 1 ) {
                        printf(" Newline\n");
                }
               
        }
       
        return 0;
}

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Note that the size of the string array is set in a variable, the printf when the end of the string is detected isn't required, and blank lines, and the end-of-file also meet the conditions of the newline if statement.

Apologies to Raskalnikov for the mess.

Quote:

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EOF is defined as -1 (in stdio.h), which is nonzero and aids in the reading of the code.

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Well, EOF can actually be any negative int. But that's neither here nor there. The problem is that these two expressions are not the same:

Code:

---

!feof(fp);
feof(fp) != EOF;

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The first yields 1 (i.e. true) if fp's end-of-file indicator is not set, and 0 (false) if it is.
The second compares the return value of feof() to the macro EOF, which, for argument's sake, we'll call -1 (which is a common value for it).

Here's the problem: feof() is defined to return non-zero on end-of-file. That is, any non-zero value is fine. So feof() might be implemented like:

Code:

---

#define __sfeof(p)      (((p)->_flags & __SEOF) != 0)
int
feof(FILE *fp)
{
        int    ret;

        FLOCKFILE(fp);
        ret= __sfeof(fp);
        FUNLOCKFILE(fp);
        return (ret);
}

---

This is how FreeBSD implements feof(). Notice how it returns a value that was calculated with the != operator. The != operator yields either 1 or 0, so as you can see, FreeBSD's feof() returns either 1 or 0, which is perfectly conforming.

Now see the problem with comparing against EOF? feof() will never equal EOF! A loop that tests feof(fp) != EOF will never terminate with this implementation of feof(). feof() returns a boolean value and should be treated as such.

moreover feof should not be used at all to control loop - FAQ describes why

To expand on that eloquent post . . . here and here.