masked with asterisk(*)?

This is a program I made with C. Check it out.

Code:

---

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

int main()
{
        char name[20], passcode[20], option;
        int x=0;

        codesegment_start:
        clrscr();

        printf("\n\n\tEnter your name: ");
        gets(name);

        printf("\n\tEnter the passcode: ");
        gets(passcode);

        printf("\n\n\n\tPress \"Enter\" to proceed...");

        clrscr();

        printf("\n\n\n\tPlease wait. Analyzing data...");

        while(x < 5)
        {
                gotoxy(42,4); printf("|");
                sleep(1);
                x++;
                gotoxy(42,4); printf("/");
                sleep(1);
                x++;
                gotoxy(42,4); printf("-");
                sleep(1);
                x++;
                gotoxy(42,4); printf("\\");
                sleep(1);
                x++;
                gotoxy(42,4); printf("|");
                sleep(1);
                x++;
        }

        clrscr();

        printf("\n\n\n\tYour name is: ");
        textcolor(LIGHTBLUE); cprintf("%s", name);
        printf("\n\n\t");
        textcolor(LIGHTGRAY); cprintf("Verifying passcode");
        x=0;

        while(x < 7)
        {
                printf(".");
                sleep(1);
                x++;
                printf(".");
                sleep(1);
                x++;
                printf(".");
                sleep(1);
                x++;
                printf(".");
                sleep(1);
                x++;
                printf(".");
                sleep(1);
                x++;
                printf(".");
                sleep(1);
                x++;
                printf(".");
                sleep(1);
                x++;
        }

        pcode:
        clrscr();

        printf("\n\n\n\tThe passcode that you have entered is: ");

        if(!strcmp(passcode, "XMod749"))
        {
                textcolor(LIGHTBLUE+128); cprintf("ACCEPTED.");
                getch();
                return 0;
        }
        else
        {
                textcolor(LIGHTRED+128); cprintf("INVALID!");
                getch();
                printf("\n\n\t");
                textcolor(LIGHTGRAY); cprintf("What do you want to do?");
                printf("\n\n\t\tExit [E] or Retry [R]? ");
                option = getche();
                option = toupper(option);

                switch(option)
                {
                        case 'E':
                        return 0;

                        case 'R':
                        goto codesegment_start;

                        default:
                        printf("\n\t\tInvalid command entered. Please try again.");
                        getch();
                        goto pcode;
                }
        }

        return 0;
}

---

..as you can see from the above source-code, the program will ask the user to enter his/her name, then the passcode... The question is, how can I make the program echo asterisks(*) as he/she types in the passcode? Also, is there any way that I can make the sleep() function work in milliseconds? I mean, I want to make it faster, so that when I try to animate something, it won't be so slow... Thanks in advance... -_+

Your question is answered in the FAQ section.

Also in the FAQ section are numerous reasons why the best thing you could do would be alt-tabbing to your IDE, pressing ctrl+a and then backspace.

Goto is bad - never use it. Everything you could possibly do with goto could be done without it.
Conio.h is not standard C. Use the current operating system's API to do the same thing.

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by IceDane

Your question is answered in the FAQ section.

---

I don't doubt you, but without clicking on every link in the FAQ section, I don't see it there. If I can't find it, I'm sure the OP and many others must have a hard time finding stuff in the FAQ.

I'm not sure who controls the FAQ section, but would it be possible to re-organize it so that it's easier for people to find what they're looking for? Headings like "How do I (level x)" don't seem very helpful to me.

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by cpjust

I don't doubt you, but without clicking on every link in the FAQ section, I don't see it there. If I can't find it, I'm sure the OP and many others must have a hard time finding stuff in the FAQ.

---

I believe it is How can I get input without having the user hit [Enter]?

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by laserlight

I believe it is How can I get input without having the user hit [Enter]?

---

That title doesn't mention anything about masking passwords, which is exactly why I didn't find it. :p

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by cpjust

That title doesn't mention anything about masking passwords, which is exactly why I didn't find it. :p

---

We call that reusability. ;)

QuantumPete

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by IceDane

Goto is bad - never use it. Everything you could possibly do with goto could be done without it.
Conio.h is not standard C. Use the current operating system's API to do the same thing.

---

..uhmm, what's wrong with goto? What would be the risk if it became my habit to use goto? And why is it that some people discourage me to use conio.h?

...some people are curious why am I using the clrscr( ) function which I believe, is part of conio.h??(correct me if I'm wrong)..

....well, anyways, thanks for the response, but still, my questions haven't been answered yet... I guess that I should check it up later.... -_+

[QUOTE=ShadeS_07;798541]..uhmm, what's wrong with goto? What would be the risk if it became my habit to use goto? And why is it that some people discourage me to use conio.h?
Goto is bad in a sense that it creates code mess. Code can jump back and forth and you'll lose track.
Loops are much more easier to follow, and therefore recommended over goto.
Conio.h is a non-standard header, which means some compilers have it, some do not. If you want your code to be portable over all compilers and platforms, you should not use it (and this forum is about teaching just those things).

Quote:

---

...some people are curious why am I using the clrscr( ) function which I believe, is part of conio.h??(correct me if I'm wrong)..

---

There's another entry in the faq on how to clear the screen.

And I'm surprised no one mentioned gets! Gets is very, very evil and should never be used. Under no circumstance.
http://cpwiki.sourceforge.net/Gets

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by ShadeS_07

..uhmm, what's wrong with goto? What would be the risk if it became my habit to use goto? And why is it that some people discourage me to use conio.h?

...some people are curious why am I using the clrscr( ) function which I believe, is part of conio.h??(correct me if I'm wrong)..

....well, anyways, thanks for the response, but still, my questions haven't been answered yet... I guess that I should check it up later.... -_+

---

Goto is the easy way out. It can create spaghetti code which will be way too hard to follow, edit and debug. Everything you can do with goto can be done another way, that's more friendly to debug(A loop, for example).

Quote:

---

And I'm surprised no one mentioned gets! Gets is very, very evil and should never be used. Under no circumstance.

---

Woah! And why is that? Oh, it's a good thing that I've joined this forum, I am learning lots of things here,, lol.. xD

..so uhmm, what makes it evil? And what can I use to let my program input strings with spaces?

...I've read the details about gets and fgets on cpwiki from the link you've provided, thanks.. -_+

...how do I use fgets? Can I use like I do with gets?

Quote:

---

Goto is the easy way out. It can create spaghetti code which will be way too hard to follow, edit and debug. Everything you can do with goto can be done another way, that's more friendly to debug(A loop, for example).

---

Quote:

---

Goto is bad in a sense that it creates code mess. Code can jump back and forth and you'll lose track.
Loops are much more easier to follow, and therefore recommended over goto.

---

...well, I used to use loops all the times, but I'm not so good at it, so I used goto instead.. And, if goto is bad in a sense that it creates code mess, can I say that it's not bad at all if I'm comfortable with it and that I can follow or be in track with the flow of the program? I mean, ofcourse I agree with you guys, loops are better... but this is a small program, so therefore, we can actually follow the code easily, right? ;)

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by ShadeS_07

...well, I used to use loops all the times, but I'm not so good at it, so I used goto instead.. And, if goto is bad in a sense that it creates code mess, can I say that it's not bad at all if I'm comfortable with it and that I can follow or be in track with the flow of the program? I mean, ofcourse I agree with you guys, loops are better... but this is a small program, so therefore, we can actually follow the code easily, right? ;)

---

No, you need to learn how to write proper code with loops, otherwise you're just hurting yourself in the long run (and annoying other people that will eventually work with you and use your spagetti code). When I first taught myself Basic a long time ago, I used GOTO's all over the place. Thankfully I learned a better way with loops.

Quote:

---

No, you need to learn how to write proper code with loops, otherwise you're just hurting yourself in the long run (and annoying other people that will eventually work with you and use your spagetti code). When I first taught myself Basic a long time ago, I used GOTO's all over the place. Thankfully I learned a better way with loops.

---

oh, I see... nice one... thanks man... I better start learning more about loops... but uhmmm, how can I use loops with this one?

Code:

---

. . .
                switch(option)
                {
                        case 'E':
                        return 0;

                        case 'R':
                        goto codesegment_start;

                        default:
                        printf("\n\t\tInvalid command entered. Please try again.");
                        getch();
                        goto pcode;
                }
. . .

---

...how can I make the program let the user to "try again" using loops and not goto? thanks.. ^.^

....uhmmm,, my questions are still, unanswered yet.... still hoping from you guys... thanks in advance... -_+

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by ShadeS_07

...how can I make the program let the user to "try again" using loops and not goto? thanks.. ^.^

---

One possibility is to change your code into something like this:

Code:

---

/* ... include headers ... */

void readCredentials(char *name, size_t name_maxlen, char *passcode, size_t passcode_maxlen);
void analyzeCredentials(const char *name, const char *passcode);
char readOption();

int main()
{
    do
    {
        char name[20] = "";
        char passcode[20] = "";
        readCredentials(name, sizeof(name) - 1, passcode, sizeof(passcode) - 1);
        analyzeCredentials(name, passcode);
    }
    while (readOption() == 'R');

    return 0;
}

/* ... define functions ... */

---

There would be another loop in readOption() that performs what your current goto pcode does. You might also notice that in your current code the pcode label is probably a little too early: if the user entered an invalid command, you would likely want to print "What do you want to do?" again, not "INVALID!", which really refers to the passcode.

Quote:

---

One possibility is to change your code into something like this:
Code:

Code:

---

/* ... include headers ... */

void readCredentials(char *name, size_t name_maxlen, char *passcode, size_t passcode_maxlen);
void analyzeCredentials(const char *name, const char *passcode);
char readOption();

int main()
{
    do
    {
        char name[20] = "";
        char passcode[20] = "";
        readCredentials(name, sizeof(name) - 1, passcode, sizeof(passcode) - 1);
        analyzeCredentials(name, passcode);
    }
    while (readOption() == 'R');

    return 0;
}

/* ... define functions ... */

---

There would be another loop in readOption() that performs what your current goto pcode does. You might also notice that in your current code the pcode label is probably a little too early: if the user entered an invalid command, you would likely want to print "What do you want to do?" again, not "INVALID!", which really refers to the passcode.

---

..still confused, but I'm going to learn more about it soon... thanks... ^.^

....btw, I think we're getting off-topic here, so I guess I should make another thread regarding loops... -_+


...and uhmmm, my questions,, please... This is the only place for me that could give an easy-to-understand answers and not-so-confusing answers to my questions.. So I'm still hoping some answers from you guys... thanks in advance.... ^.^

Replacing goto's with loops is USUALLY trivial, but of course, your example has essentially two nested loops, and you iterate both from the same switch-statement. This is EXACTLY what you'd call "spagetti programming" (because when you draw a flow-chart, it looks like a plate of spagetti).

I think Laserlight got a bit further and refactored the whole program into several functions, which is probably the RIGHT thing to do eventually, but if we ignore that bit for just now, you need to add two loops, one to do the outer loop, and one to do the inner loop. When the inner loop is terminated, the outer loop would still continue the program.

--
Mats

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by ShadeS_07

..so uhmm, what makes it evil? And what can I use to let my program input strings with spaces?

---

If you refer to the analogy here: http://cboard.cprogramming.com/showp...3&postcount=31
And read about buffer overflows here: http://cpwiki.sourceforge.net/buffer_overrun
You should understand why it's so bad, because gets does not know the size of your buffer you provide, it can write more data than there is space.
This is impossible with fgets, if you specify the correct size of the buffer.

Quote:

---

...how do I use fgets? Can I use like I do with gets?

---

Yes.
A gets line like this:

Code:

---

char buf[50];
gets(buf);

---

Can be translated into fgets like this:

Code:

---

char buf[50];
fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin);

---

Quote:

---

...well, I used to use loops all the times, but I'm not so good at it, so I used goto instead.. And, if goto is bad in a sense that it creates code mess, can I say that it's not bad at all if I'm comfortable with it and that I can follow or be in track with the flow of the program? I mean, ofcourse I agree with you guys, loops are better... but this is a small program, so therefore, we can actually follow the code easily, right? ;)

---

Nope, as other have mentioned, it's still bad. You won't learn to understand others code and others won't understand your code, plus even if you feel comfortable with gotos, soon you will create a mess which you yourself cannot even read.
That's why it's important to learn to use loops correctly from the beginning!

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by ShadeS_07

..still confused, but I'm going to learn more about it soon... thanks... ^.^

---

We can translate laserlight's loop code to something like this:

Code:

---

/* ... include headers ... */

void readCredentials(char *name, size_t name_maxlen, char *passcode, size_t passcode_maxlen);
void analyzeCredentials(const char *name, const char *passcode);
char readOption();

int main()
{
    loop:
    {
        char name[20] = "";
        char passcode[20] = "";
        readCredentials(name, sizeof(name) - 1, passcode, sizeof(passcode) - 1);
        analyzeCredentials(name, passcode);
    }
    if (readOption() == 'R')
        goto loop;

    return 0;
}

/* ... define functions ... */

---

Perhaps that makes it clearer as to what the loop does and how they work.
Note that you should not use this kind of code. You should use laserlight's code. This is only for demonstration purposes.

Quote:

---

...and uhmmm, my questions,, please... This is the only place for me that could give an easy-to-understand answers and not-so-confusing answers to my questions.. So I'm still hoping some answers from you guys... thanks in advance.... ^.^

---

How to mask the password with "*" has been asked many times and there's no standard way. If you do a search, I'm sure you will find lots of info.
As for sleep... if it's Linux, them no, it takes seconds. Which is kind of strange or silly, if you ask me.
But Windows Sleep function takes milliseconds.
I don't know if there is an alternative API for Linux.

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by Elysia

As for sleep... if it's Linux, them no, it takes seconds. Which is kind of strange or silly, if you ask me.
But Windows Sleep function takes milliseconds.
I don't know if there is an alternative API for Linux.

---

UNIX also has usleep() that takes microseconds.

Code:

---

char buf[50];
fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin);

---

..what does sizeof(buf), stdin do? What does it mean?

..and this one? I don't get this one also...

Code:

---

/* ... include headers ... */

. . .
void readCredentials(char *name, size_t name_maxlen, char *passcode, size_t passcode_maxlen);
void analyzeCredentials(const char *name, const char *passcode);
char readOption();

. . .
int main()
{

---

Code:

---

readCredentials(name, sizeof(name) - 1, passcode, sizeof(passcode) - 1);

---

...and that... what does it mean if we put -1 there?

Code:

---

    loop:
    {
        char name[20] = "";
        char passcode[20] = "";
        readCredentials(name, sizeof(name) - 1, passcode, sizeof(passcode) - 1);
        analyzeCredentials(name, passcode);
    }
    if (readOption() == 'R')
        goto loop;

---

..is that the way how a while...do loop works?

what's the difference between do...while and while...do? I know that they're not the same, am I right?

Quote:

---

How to mask the password with "*" has been asked many times and there's no standard way. If you do a search, I'm sure you will find lots of info.

---

I found this one from:
http://www.gohacking.com/2007/12/c-p...d-mask-it.html

I made some modification... -_+

Code:

---

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

char pw[25], ch;
int i;

int main()
{
    clrscr();
    puts("Enter password");

    while(1)
    {
        if(i<0)
        i=0;
        ch=getch();
        if(ch==13)
        break; /*13 is ASCII value of ENTER*/

        if(ch==8) /*ASCII value of BACKSPACE*/
      {

            putch('\b');
            putch(NULL);
            putch('\b');
            --i;
            continue;
        }

        pw[i++]=ch;
        ch='*';
        putch(ch);
    }

    pw[i]='\0';
    printf("\n\n%s",pw);
    getch();

    return 0;
}

---

...can someone please explain this to me? Coz, I don't still get it...


...hmmm, anyways, thank you very much to all of you who have helped me... I really appreciate it... ^.^

>> ...can someone please explain this to me? Coz, I don't still get it...
Perhaps you can be a little more descriptive? Start by explaining what you do understand. It's important that you try, because it's part of asking a smart question. And experience explaining an algorithm is a fundamental part of any programmer's skill set.

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by ShadeS_07

Code:

---

char buf[50];
fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin);

---

..what does sizeof(buf), stdin do? What does it mean?

---

Those are the arguments to fgets, buf is the char*, sizeof(buf) would be the space allocated to buf (50), stdin is the stream to read from (terminal input).

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by ShadeS_07

..and this one? I don't get this one also...

Code:

---

/* ... include headers ... */

. . .
void readCredentials(char *name, size_t name_maxlen, char *passcode, size_t passcode_maxlen);
void analyzeCredentials(const char *name, const char *passcode);
char readOption();

. . .
int main()
{

---

---

They're function headers. One important point here is that in addition to being fulfilled in loops, goto is almost exactly like a function call, but considering how much more flexability you get by defining and calling a function, it's no wonder that goto never really seems like much of a choice (= no one uses it).

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by ShadeS_07

Code:

---

    loop:
    {
        char name[20] = "";
        char passcode[20] = "";
        readCredentials(name, sizeof(name) - 1, passcode, sizeof(passcode) - 1);
        analyzeCredentials(name, passcode);
    }
    if (readOption() == 'R')
        goto loop;

---

..is that the way how a while...do loop works?

---

The same thing as a while loop:

Code:

---

while (1) {
        char name[20] = "";
        char passcode[20] = "";
        readCredentials(name, sizeof(name) - 1, passcode, sizeof(passcode) - 1);
        analyzeCredentials(name, passcode);
        if (readOption() != 'R') break;
}

---

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by ShadeS_07

what's the difference between do...while and while...do? I know that they're not the same, am I right?

---

A do while loop loops at least once. A while loop might not even loop at all.

Examples of loops.
While loop:

Code:

---

while (x)
{
    // ...
}

---

Goto-version:

Code:

---

loop:
if (!x) goto exit;
    // ...
goto loop;
exit:

---

Do ... while loop:

Code:

---

do
{
    // ...
}
while (x)

---

Goto-version:

Code:

---

loop:
    // ...
if (x) goto loop;

---

For loop:

Code:

---

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
    // ...
}

---

Goto-version:

Code:

---

int i = 0;
goto loop;
inc:
i++;
loop:
    // ...
if (i < 10) goto inc;

---

Actually, your for example lacks correctness. For loops should be more like while since the increment comes after the body, before the next test.

Code:

---

i = 0;
loop: if ( i == 10 ) goto out;
/** body **/
i++;
goto loop;
out:

---

But that doesn't really help does it?

If I may give a further example of why to not use "goto", it is this: Your program fits fairly neatly on one page. In the real world of programming, you aren't going to have programs that fit neatly into one page. As an old Fortran programmer who has seen code of 10,00 lines and more with "gotos', it's no fun to try and figure out where you are and what is going on when you try to debug a program. Trust me, if you don't use cuss words now, and if you continue to use "gotos", you will eventually learn and say those words. Because 6 months from whenever you finish your program, when you go back and look at your program that is longer than a few pages, YOU will have a hard time debugging your OWN work.

...ok, so here I is something for you who have helped me... tada! no more goto's,, -_+ hehehehe....

Code:

---

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

int main()
{
        char name[20], passcode[20], option;
        int x=0;

        do
        {
                clrscr();

                printf("\n\n\tEnter your name: ");
                gets(name);

                printf("\n\tEnter the passcode: ");
                gets(passcode);

                printf("\n\n\n\tPress \"Enter\" to proceed...");

                clrscr();

                printf("\n\n\n\tPlease wait. Analyzing data...");

                while(x < 5)
                {
                        gotoxy(42,4); printf("|");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        gotoxy(42,4); printf("/");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        gotoxy(42,4); printf("-");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        gotoxy(42,4); printf("\\");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        gotoxy(42,4); printf("|");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                }

                clrscr();

                printf("\n\n\n\tYour name is: ");
                textcolor(LIGHTBLUE); cprintf("%s", name);
                printf("\n\n\t");
                textcolor(LIGHTGRAY); cprintf("Verifying passcode");

                x=0;
                while(x < 7)
                {
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                }

                do
                {
                        clrscr();

                        printf("\n\n\n\tThe passcode that you have entered is: ");

                        if(!strcmp(passcode, "XMod749"))
                        {
                                textcolor(LIGHTBLUE+128); cprintf("ACCEPTED.");
                                getch();
                                return 0;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                                textcolor(LIGHTRED+128); cprintf("INVALID!");
                                getch();
                                printf("\n\n\t");
                                textcolor(LIGHTGRAY); cprintf("What do you want to do?");
                                printf("\n\n\t\tExit [E] or Retry [R]? ");
                                option = getche();
                                option = toupper(option);

                                if(option=='E') return 0;

                        }

                } while(option=='B'); /*duh!*/

        } while(option=='R');


        return 0;
}

---

..I have already tested it, and it's working! yeah! xD
...but do you see that line over there?

Code:

---

}while(option=='B'); /*duh!*/

---

....that's not actually what I want, I don't want the program to repeat the loop if the user enters B... what I actually want to put here is something that can repeat the loop if the user enters any characters other than E or R... You know what I'm saying? ...some sort of an error handler? (amiryt? error handler??) ...just like in the switch() statement... the default: thing.. yeah, that's what I mean... but, what should I put there? I have no idea what to put there, so I just put there while(option=='B');... If you can still remember the first source-code I've posted here (I think it's on the first page of this thread), the program was supposed to jump to pcode: when I was using the goto (btw, is goto a function?) ...how can I do the same using a do-while loop? ^.^

...uhmmm, one more thing, is there any such function as putch()? Will this help me make the program to "put" asterisk "characters" as the user types in the passcode?

....And btw, I'll share ya'll something about this asterisk thing... hehehe, lol.. xD
While I was trying to figure out how the heck am I going to make the program ouput asterisks as the user types in the passcode, something came into my mind... the toupper() and tolower() functions... I was wondering, if toupper() changes the character entered by the user into an upper-case character, and tolower() changes the character into a lower-case character... I tried this: toasterisks()! hahaha, lol.. xD :D ...and what did get?? Tada! ~CoMpiLer ErroR.

Code:

---

                while(x < 7)
                {
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                }

---

can either be written without the while, or written differently using a loop:

Code:

---

                while(x < 7)
                {
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                }

---

This one:

Code:

---

                while(x < 5)
                {
                        gotoxy(42,4); printf("|");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        gotoxy(42,4); printf("/");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        gotoxy(42,4); printf("-");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        gotoxy(42,4); printf("\\");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        gotoxy(42,4); printf("|");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                }

---

can also be written as a loop:

Code:

---

// At the beginning of the source.
    char spinstr[] = "|/-\\|";

//
           
                while(x < 5)
                {
                        gotoxy(42,4); printf("%c", spins[x]);
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                }

---

(or you could remove the while, as it does exactly the same thing either way).

--
Mats

Quote:

---

Code:

---

                while(x < 7)
                {
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                }

---

can either be written without the while, or written differently using a loop:
Code:

Code:

---

                while(x < 7)
                {
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                }

---

This one:

Code:

---

                while(x < 5)
                {
                        gotoxy(42,4); printf("|");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        gotoxy(42,4); printf("/");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        gotoxy(42,4); printf("-");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        gotoxy(42,4); printf("\\");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                        gotoxy(42,4); printf("|");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                }

---

can also be written as a loop:

Code:

---

// At the beginning of the source.
    char spinstr[] = "|/-\\|";

//
           
                while(x < 5)
                {
                        gotoxy(42,4); printf("%c", spins[x]);
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                }

---

(or you could remove the while, as it does exactly the same thing either way).

---

...thanks man,, that is really useful man.... ^.^

You should still replace gets.
There's no need for putch, a simple printf statement will do.
You can replicate any goto behavior with a loop - including this "default" behavior. A loop loops so long as the condition is true. So you need to think really hard what that condition should be. That's all, really.
Goto is not a function; it is a keyword.

Quote:

---

You should still replace gets.

---

ah, yes,, the gets()... lol, I forgot to change that...

Quote:

---

There's no need for putch, a simple printf statement will do.

---

thankyou.. but how? :confused:

Quote:

---

You can replicate any goto behavior with a loop - including this "default" behavior. A loop loops so long as the condition is true. So you need to think really hard what that condition should be. That's all, really.

---

awww, c'mon... I wouldn't post this if I have had already think of this really hard in the first place.. I just can't figure it out.. plus, my knowledge regarding C programming is limited, so I don't even have a clue... -_+

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by ShadeS_07

ah, yes,, the gets()... lol, I forgot to change that...



thankyou.. but how? :confused:

---

Code:

---

printf("*");

---

would print an asterisk.

Quote:

---

awww, c'mon... I wouldn't post this if I have had already think of this really hard in the first place.. I just can't figure it out.. plus, my knowledge regarding C programming is limited, so I don't even have a clue... -_+

---

You want not E or R, right? So that's what you do

Code:

---

while(not(option=='E' or option=='R'))

---

(provided you include <iso646.h>. If you don't want to include that, you have translate not and or into C:

Code:

---

while(!(option=='E'||option=='R'))

---

using the logical operators.)

Although if you're going to print only one char, you might as well use putchar.

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by ShadeS_07

awww, c'mon... I wouldn't post this if I have had already think of this really hard in the first place.. I just can't figure it out.. plus, my knowledge regarding C programming is limited, so I don't even have a clue... -_+

---

It's called making a flowchart and then translating it into code. It's really, really helpful for newbie programmers. Try it.

This program, when executed alone, works... And does what I want... ~to output asterisks as the user types in something...

Code:

---

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

char pw[25],ch;
int i;

int main()
{
        clrscr();
        puts("Enter password");

        while(1)
        {
                if(i<0)
                i=0;
                ch=getch();

                if(ch==13)
                break; /*13 is ASCII value of ENTER*/

                if(ch==8) /*ASCII value of BACKSPACE*/
                {
                        putch('\b');
                        putch(NULL);
                        putch('\b');
                        --i;
                        continue;
                }

                pw[i++]=ch;
                ch='*';
                putch(ch);
        }

        pw[i]='\0';
        printf("\n\n%s",pw);

        getch();

        return 0;
}

---

..i got it from the internet by Google'ing it...


Now this one is the program that we're working of...
I tried to integrate the code above, but it's not working..

Code:

---

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

int main()
{
        char name[20], passcode[20], option, pass_ch, spinstr[] = "|/-\\|";
        int x=0;

        do
        {
                clrscr();

                printf("\n\n\tEnter your name: ");
                fgets(name, sizeof(name), stdin);

                printf("\n\tEnter the passcode: ");

                while(1)
                {
                        if(x<0)
                        {
                                x = 0;
                                pass_ch = getch();

                                if(pass_ch==13) break;                /*ENTER*/

                                if(pass_ch==8);                        /*BACKSPACE*/
                                {
                                        putch('\b');
                                        putch(NULL);
                                        putch('\b');
                                        --x;
                                        continue;
                                }

                                passcode[x++] = pass_ch;
                                pass_ch = '*';
                                putch(pass_ch);
                        }
                }
                passcode[x]='\0';

                printf("\n\n\n\tPress \"Enter\" to proceed...");

                clrscr();

                printf("\n\n\n\tPlease wait. Analyzing data...");

                while(x < 5)
                {
                        gotoxy(42,4); printf("%c", spinstr[x]);
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                }

                clrscr();

                printf("\n\n\n\tYour name is: ");
                textcolor(LIGHTBLUE); cprintf("%s", name);
                printf("\n\n\t");
                textcolor(LIGHTGRAY); cprintf("Verifying passcode");

                x=0;
                while(x < 7)
                {
                        printf(".");
                        sleep(1);
                        x++;
                }

                do
                {
                        clrscr();

                        printf("\n\n\n\tThe passcode that you have entered is: ");

                        if(!strcmp(passcode, "XMod749"))
                        {
                                textcolor(LIGHTBLUE+128); cprintf("ACCEPTED.");
                                getch();
                                return 0;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                                textcolor(LIGHTRED+128); cprintf("INVALID!");
                                getch();
                                printf("\n\n\t");
                                textcolor(LIGHTGRAY); cprintf("What do you want to do?");
                                printf("\n\n\t\tExit [E] or Retry [R]? ");
                                option = getche();
                                option = toupper(option);

                                if(option=='E') return 0;

                        }

                        if(!(option=='E'||option=='R'))
                        {
                                printf("\n\n\tInvalid command entered. Please try again.");
                                getch();
                        }

                } while(!(option=='E'||option=='R'));

        } while(option=='R');


        return 0;
}

---

..can you please help me? thanks in advance.. -_+