question about using returned values

I have another question. I also read that the variables declared in a function can only stay in the function they are declared in because of scope rules. Does that mean that the calculations done in one function can't be used in another function? I'm really confused though, because when I wrote a function that printed the name, hours worked, and hourly rate inputted by the user in another function, it printed the name, but not the hours worked or the hourly rate (they were printed as 0.00).

So how can I use the info obtained in the userInput() function in another function it if the variables declared in a function are restricted to only the functions they are declared in? I've also tried declaring external variables after declaring the function double calcPay (double hoursWorkedArray[], double hourlyRateArray[]) and before the { brace , but I got an error when I tried to do that.

Code:

void userInput(char nameArray[][30], double hoursWorkedArray[], double hourlyRateArray[]) { int i; for (i=0; i<5; i++) { printf("Enter name.\n"); scanf("%s", nameArray[i]); printf("How many hours did they work this week?\n"); scanf("%lf", &hoursWorkedArray[i]); printf("What is their hourly rate?\n"); scanf("%lf", &hourlyRateArray[i]); } } // calculates base,gross,overtime, and net pay double calcPay (double hoursWorkedArray[], double hourlyRateArray[]) { double basePay[5], overTime[5], grossPay[5], netPay[5]; int i; for (i=0; i<5; i++) { if (hoursWorkedArray[i] > 40) { basePay[i] = hourlyRateArray[i] * hoursWorkedArray[i]; overTime[i] = (hoursWorkedArray[i] - 40) * 1.5 * hourlyRateArray[i]; grossPay[i] = (hourlyRateArray[i]*40) + overTime[i]; netPay[i] = (hourlyRateArray[i]*40) + overTime[i] - ((hourlyRateArray[i]*40) + overTime[i])*.2; } else { basePay[i] = hourlyRateArray[i] * hoursWorkedArray[i]; //taxesOwed[i] = (hourlyRateArray[i]*40) * .2; grossPay[i] = (hourlyRateArray[i]*40) * .8; overTime[i] = 0; netPay[i] = (hourlyRateArray[i]*40) + overTime[i] - ((hourlyRateArray[i]*40) + overTime[i])*.2; return basePay[i], grossPay[i], overTime[i], netPay[i]; } } }

Three ways. By passing a pointer to the variables you need as parameters to the function or by declaring the variables global, so the scope will work for you. Or returning the value of the variable

EDIT: some code

Code:

int global; int fun(int *a, in *b) { int in1, in2; scanf("%d", &in1); scanf("%d", &in2); *a = in1; *b = in2; global = in1; return in1; }

1) You want to get two inputs. So you pass two pointers. The value of in1, in2 will be stored where the pointers point. So it will be saved.
2) Even though in1, in2 are local and there scope will end when fun returns, you can make fun return the value of one of them. Then you could do like var = fun(a,b) and store the value at var. If you want to return two values then that's tricky. You would have to make a struct or an array and return that.
3) global is outside the function. So you can use it inside the function to store a value.

If you are wondering why there are local variables there are many reasons. Like efficiency.

You must not do this.
You must fix those scanfs.
http://cpwiki.sourceforge.net/Common...kes_and_errors

Quote:

Originally Posted by C_ntua

Three ways. By passing a pointer to the variables you need as parameters to the function or by declaring the variables global, so the scope will work for you. Or returning the value of the variable

EDIT: some code

Code:

int global; int fun(int *a, in *b) { int in1, in2; scanf("%d", &in1); scanf("%d", &in2); *a = in1; *b = in2; global = in1; return in1; }

1) You want to get two inputs. So you pass two pointers. The value of in1, in2 will be stored where the pointers point. So it will be saved.
2) Even though in1, in2 are local and there scope will end when fun returns, you can make fun return the value of one of them. Then you could do like var = fun(a,b) and store the value at var. If you want to return two values then that's tricky. You would have to make a struct or an array and return that.
3) global is outside the function. So you can use it inside the function to store a value.

If you are wondering why there are local variables there are many reasons. Like efficiency.

Thanks! That was very helpful ^^

I have some more questions though:
1) How come you wrote

*a = in1;
*b = in2;

instead of

*a = &in1;
*b = &in2;

?

2) After you have passed the pointer the the variables, would you still need to write "*a" if you want to use the value stored at *a in another function? Or would you just need to write "a"?

Quote:

Originally Posted by pokiepo

I have some more questions though:
1) How come you wrote

*a = in1;
*b = in2;

instead of

*a = &in1;
*b = &in2;

?

The later makes no sense.
You are trying to assign the address of something to the value where the pointer points.
As a rule, pointers are supposed to contain addresses, not some other type of variable.
The first example is correct because it changes the value where the pointers point to with sensible data.

Quote:

2) After you have passed the pointer the the variables, would you still need to write "*a" if you want to use the value stored at *a in another function? Or would you just need to write "a"?

Yes, because it's a pointer.
Unless, you pass its value to a function. But that's pass-by-value, thus you cannot modify the original data.

Think of it this way.

Code:

int i, *p, **pp;

At this point i is of type int. So is *p, and so is **p. Thus, since these are of the same type, you can easily assign values between these expressions and compare them and so on.

&i, p, and *p are of type int*.
&p and p are of type int**. (You can't get an int** from i by itself.)

Hopefully that helps.

Of course, that's not the only thing you have to keep in mind. If you pass an ordinary variable to a function, changes made to it will not be reflected in the calling function. You have to have at least one level of indirection for such changes to be visible.

You should read more about pointers. You typically do two things with pointers.
1) You make the pointer point at a variable. You do this:

Code:

pointer = &variable

The types must match. If variable is a float then pointer is a *float. The * when declaring a variable means a pointer to that type.
2) You want to use the value of the variable being pointed by the pointer. You do this:

Code:

int *ptr; int a, b, sum; ptr = &a; //the ptr points at variable a sum = a + b; //you get the sum sum = *ptr + b; //you get the same sum *ptr == a; //this is TRUE

Note that you'd probably want to initialize a and b so that you don't use undefined values, but still, it's a good example. :)