not sure what i am doing wrong.

The requirement for this project is
1)double calculate_deviation (double number, double mean) - Determines the deviation of number from the mean and returns the result. The deviation may be calculated as number - mean.

2)double calculate_variance (double deviation1, double deviation2, double deviation3, double deviation4, double deviation5, int number) - Determines the variance through the calculation: ((deviation1)^2 + (deviation2)^2 + (deviation3)^2 + (deviation4)^2 + (deviation5)^2) / number


3)double calculate_standard_deviation (double variance) - Calculates the standard deviation as sqrt (variance) and returns the result


[FILE WHERE I AM GETTING MY INFORMATION ON]
12345678-student id
3.78-gpa
3-class standing
20.5-age

87654321
2.65
2
19.25

08651234
3.10
1
18.0

11112222
3.95
4
22.5

22223234
2.45
3
19.3333

Code:

---

[SOURCE.C FILE]
double compute_deviation_gpa(double gpa1, double gpa2, double gpa3, double gpa4, double gpa5,double gpa_mean) {
    double deviation_gpa1 = 0.0;
    double deviation_gpa2 = 0.0;
    double deviation_gpa3 = 0.0;
    double deviation_gpa4 = 0.0;
    double deviation_gpa5 = 0.0;
    deviation_gpa1 = gpa1 - gpa_mean;
    deviation_gpa2 = gpa2 - gpa_mean;
    deviation_gpa3 = gpa3 - gpa_mean;
    deviation_gpa4 = gpa4 - gpa_mean;
    deviation_gpa5 = gpa5 - gpa_mean;
    return deviation_gpa1;
    return deviation_gpa2;
    return deviation_gpa3;
    return deviation_gpa4;
    return deviation_gpa5;
}
double compute_variance(double deviation_gpa1, double deviation_gpa2, double deviation_gpa3, double deviation_gpa4, double deviation_gpa5, double number) {
    double variance = 0.0;
    number = 5;
    ((deviation_gpa1*deviation_gpa1) + (deviation_gpa2*deviation_gpa2) + (deviation_gpa3*deviation_gpa3) + (deviation_gpa4*deviation_gpa4) + (deviation_gpa5*deviation_gpa5) / number);
    return variance;


}
double compute_standard_deviation(double variance) {
    double standard_d = 0.0;
    standard_d = sqrt(variance);
    return standard_d;
}



[MAIN.C FILE]
compute_deviation = compute_deviation_gpa( gpa1, gpa2,  gpa3,  gpa4,  gpa5, gpa_mean);
    compute_variancee = compute_variance(deviation_gpa1, deviation_gpa2, deviation_gpa3, deviation_gpa4, deviation_gpa5, number);
    compute_sd = compute_standard_deviation(variance);
   
    fprintf(outfile, "sd %.2lf\n ", compute_sd);
   
    return 0;

---

whenever i run this, i get zero. I am not sure why.
Any help is appreciated, thank you.

Talking about your compute_deviation_gpa function, you can't return multiple values like this. Consider passing an array to the function in order to save the values for later use.

I have not learned about array; however, your answer has helped me. I can not believe i forgot about that. Thank you very much.

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by brianjoo

The requirement for this project is
1)double calculate_deviation (double number, double mean) - Determines the deviation of number from the mean and returns the result. The deviation may be calculated as number - mean.

2)double calculate_variance (double deviation1, double deviation2, double deviation3, double deviation4, double deviation5, int number) - Determines the variance through the calculation: ((deviation1)^2 + (deviation2)^2 + (deviation3)^2 + (deviation4)^2 + (deviation5)^2) / number


3)double calculate_standard_deviation (double variance) - Calculates the standard deviation as sqrt (variance) and returns the result

---

you will have to be the judge on the math if this works or not.

Code:

---

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>

int  compute_deviation_gpa(double * gpa1, double * gpa2, double * gpa3, double * gpa4, double * gpa5, double * gpa_mean)

{

    printf(" 1::IN C DEVATION %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n", *(double*)gpa1, *(double*)gpa2, *(double*)gpa3, *(double*)gpa4, *(double*)gpa5, *(double*)gpa_mean);
    *gpa1 = gpa1 - gpa_mean;
    *gpa2 = gpa2 - gpa_mean;
    *gpa3 = gpa3 - gpa_mean;
    *gpa4 = gpa4 - gpa_mean;
    *gpa5 = gpa5 - gpa_mean;

    printf("2:: IN C DEVATION %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n", *(double*)gpa1, *(double*)gpa2, *(double*)gpa3, *(double*)gpa4, *(double*)gpa5, *(double*)gpa_mean);
    return 0;
}
double compute_variance(double deviation_gpa1, double deviation_gpa2, double deviation_gpa3, double deviation_gpa4, double deviation_gpa5, double number)
{
    printf("in Compute %f %f %f %f %f %f\n", deviation_gpa1, deviation_gpa2, deviation_gpa3, deviation_gpa4, deviation_gpa5, number);
    //double variance = 0.0;
  // number = 5;
    return( ((deviation_gpa1*deviation_gpa1) + (deviation_gpa2*deviation_gpa2) + (deviation_gpa3*deviation_gpa3) + (deviation_gpa4*deviation_gpa4) + (deviation_gpa5*deviation_gpa5) / number));
}
double compute_standard_deviation(double variance) {
    //double standard_d = 0.0;
    //standard_d = sqrt(variance);

    return ( sqrt(variance) );
}

int main()
{

 double gpa1, gpa2,gpa3,gpa4,gpa5, gpa_mean;
 gpa1 = 5.3;
 gpa2 = 2.3;
 gpa3 = 10.3;
 gpa4 = 123456782.3;
 gpa5 = 2.3;
 gpa_mean = 5.0;
 double number = 5.0;

double variance;

double  compute_sd;

    compute_deviation_gpa(        &gpa1,                &gpa2,                &gpa3,                &gpa4,                &gpa5,  &gpa_mean);

    variance = compute_variance(gpa1, gpa2, gpa3, gpa4, gpa5, number);

    printf("FF %f\n",compute_variance(gpa1, gpa2, gpa3, gpa4, gpa5, number) );

    compute_sd = compute_standard_deviation(variance);

        printf( "sd %.2lf\n ", compute_sd);

// I tried to get it to go one inside other but them end vaules on the two functions were getting in my way

  // printf("sd %f\n ", compute_standard_deviation(compute_variance( compute_deviation_gpa( &gpa1, &gpa2,  &gpa3,  &gpa4, &gpa5, gpa_mean), 5)));


return 0;
}

---

out put

Code:

---

userx@~/bin <> gcc -Wall  -lm devation_gpa.c
userx@~/bin <> ./a.out
 1::IN C DEVATION 5.30
 2.30
 10.30
 123456782.30
 2.30
 5.00
2:: IN C DEVATION 5.00
 4.00
 3.00
 2.00
 1.00
 5.00
in Compute 5.000000 4.000000 3.000000 2.000000 1.000000 5.000000
in Compute 5.000000 4.000000 3.000000 2.000000 1.000000 5.000000
FF 54.200000
sd 7.36
 userx@~/bin <>

---

Pass By Reference

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by brianjoo

The requirement for this project is
1)double calculate_deviation (double number, double mean) - Determines the deviation of number from the mean and returns the result. The deviation may be calculated as number - mean.

2)double calculate_variance (double deviation1, double deviation2, double deviation3, double deviation4, double deviation5, int number) - Determines the variance through the calculation: ((deviation1)^2 + (deviation2)^2 + (deviation3)^2 + (deviation4)^2 + (deviation5)^2) / number


3)double calculate_standard_deviation (double variance) - Calculates the standard deviation as sqrt (variance) and returns the result


[FILE WHERE I AM GETTING MY INFORMATION ON]
12345678-student id
3.78-gpa
3-class standing
20.5-age

87654321
2.65
2
19.25

08651234
3.10
1
18.0

11112222
3.95
4
22.5

22223234
2.45
3
19.3333

Code:

---

[SOURCE.C FILE]
double compute_deviation_gpa(double gpa1, double gpa2, double gpa3, double gpa4, double gpa5,double gpa_mean) {
    double deviation_gpa1 = 0.0;
    double deviation_gpa2 = 0.0;
    double deviation_gpa3 = 0.0;
    double deviation_gpa4 = 0.0;
    double deviation_gpa5 = 0.0;
    deviation_gpa1 = gpa1 - gpa_mean;
    deviation_gpa2 = gpa2 - gpa_mean;
    deviation_gpa3 = gpa3 - gpa_mean;
    deviation_gpa4 = gpa4 - gpa_mean;
    deviation_gpa5 = gpa5 - gpa_mean;
    return deviation_gpa1;
    return deviation_gpa2;
    return deviation_gpa3;
    return deviation_gpa4;
    return deviation_gpa5;
}
double compute_variance(double deviation_gpa1, double deviation_gpa2, double deviation_gpa3, double deviation_gpa4, double deviation_gpa5, double number) {
    double variance = 0.0;
    number = 5;
    ((deviation_gpa1*deviation_gpa1) + (deviation_gpa2*deviation_gpa2) + (deviation_gpa3*deviation_gpa3) + (deviation_gpa4*deviation_gpa4) + (deviation_gpa5*deviation_gpa5) / number);
    return variance;


}
double compute_standard_deviation(double variance) {
    double standard_d = 0.0;
    standard_d = sqrt(variance);
    return standard_d;
}



[MAIN.C FILE]
compute_deviation = compute_deviation_gpa( gpa1, gpa2,  gpa3,  gpa4,  gpa5, gpa_mean);

   compute_variancee = compute_variance(deviation_gpa1, deviation_gpa2, deviation_gpa3, deviation_gpa4, deviation_gpa5, number);


  compute_sd = compute_standard_deviation(variance);
   
    fprintf(outfile, "sd %.2lf\n ", compute_sd);
   
    return 0;

---

whenever i run this, i get zero. I am not sure why.
Any help is appreciated, thank you.

---

this 0 thing look at your second function and third function.

2nd function

Code:

---

double variance = 0.0;
return variance;

---

a bunch of math between the two but no assigning the results to it,
3rd function

Code:

---

double compute_standard_deviation(double variance) {
    double standard_d = 0.0;
  standard_d = sqrt(variance);
    return standard_d;

---

variance is set to 0.0 how are you getting it into that third function to work on it? I do not see it declared anywhere in your main.

Code:

---

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>

void compute_deviation_gpa(double * gpa1, double * gpa2, double * gpa3, double * gpa4, double * gpa5, double * gpa_mean)

{

printf("1::IN C DEVATION %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n", *(double*)gpa1, *(double*)gpa2, *(double*)gpa3, *(double*)gpa4, *(double*)gpa5, *(double*)gpa_mean);

    *gpa1 = gpa1 - gpa_mean;
    *gpa2 = gpa2 - gpa_mean;
    *gpa3 = gpa3 - gpa_mean;
    *gpa4 = gpa4 - gpa_mean;
    *gpa5 = gpa5 - gpa_mean;

printf("2:: leaving C DEVATION %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n", *(double*)gpa1, *(double*)gpa2, *(double*)gpa3, *(double*)gpa4, *(double*)gpa5, *(double*)gpa_mean);
   
}
double compute_variance(double deviation_gpa1, double deviation_gpa2, double deviation_gpa3, double deviation_gpa4, double deviation_gpa5, double number)
{
    printf("in Compute %f %f %f %f %f %f\n", deviation_gpa1, deviation_gpa2, deviation_gpa3, deviation_gpa4, deviation_gpa5, number);
 
return( ((deviation_gpa1*deviation_gpa1) + (deviation_gpa2*deviation_gpa2) + (deviation_gpa3*deviation_gpa3) + (deviation_gpa4*deviation_gpa4) + (deviation_gpa5*deviation_gpa5) / number));
}
double compute_standard_deviation(double variance) {
return ( sqrt(variance) );
}

int main()
{

 double gpa1, gpa2,gpa3,gpa4,gpa5, gpa_mean;
 gpa1 = 5.3;
 gpa2 = 2.3;
 gpa3 = 10.3;
 gpa4 = 123456782.3;
 gpa5 = 2.3;
 gpa_mean = 5.0;
 double number = 5.0;
double variance, compute_sd;

  compute_deviation_gpa( &gpa1, &gpa2, &gpa3, &gpa4, &gpa5,  &gpa_mean);

  variance = compute_variance(gpa1, gpa2, gpa3, gpa4, gpa5, number);

  compute_sd = compute_standard_deviation(variance);

  printf( "sd %.2lf\n ", compute_sd);

// I tried to get it to go one inside other but them end vaules on the two functions were getting in my way
// printf("sd %f\n ", compute_standard_deviation(compute_variance( compute_deviation_gpa( &gpa1, &gpa2,  &gpa3,  &gpa4, &gpa5, gpa_mean), 5)));


return 0;
}

---

results

Code:

---

userx@~/bin <> gcc -Wall  -lm devation_gpa.c
userx@~/bin <> ./a.out
 1::IN C DEVATION 5.30
 2.30
 10.30
 123456782.30
 2.30
 5.00
2:: leaving C DEVATION 5.00
 4.00
 3.00
 2.00
 1.00
 5.00
in Compute 5.000000 4.000000 3.000000 2.000000 1.000000 5.000000
sd 7.36

---

you got a be the judge on the math part. maybe tweak it a bit to suit your needs.

Pass By Reference

letting MATH.H do most of the work.

C library function pow()

this may or may not be right but others in here could gils you better, I'm just raising the point or giving you another means of doing this. the options

Code:

---

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>

double  compute_deviation_gpa(double * gpa1, double * gpa2, double * gpa3, double * gpa4, double * gpa5, double * gpa_mean)

{
printf("1::IN C DEVATION %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n", *(double*)gpa1, *(double*)gpa2, *(double*)gpa3, *(double*)gpa4, *(double*)gpa5, *(double*)gpa_mean);

    *gpa1 = gpa1 - gpa_mean;
    *gpa2 = gpa2 - gpa_mean;
    *gpa3 = gpa3 - gpa_mean;
    *gpa4 = gpa4 - gpa_mean;
    *gpa5 = gpa5 - gpa_mean;

printf("2:: leaving C DEVATION %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n", *(double*)gpa1, *(double*)gpa2, *(double*)gpa3, *(double*)gpa4, *(double*)gpa5, *(double*)gpa_mean);
  return 0.0;
}
double compute_variance(double d_gpa1, double d_gpa2, double d_gpa3, double d_gpa4, double d_gpa5)
{
    printf("in Compute %f %f %f %f %f \n", d_gpa1, d_gpa2, d_gpa3, d_gpa4, d_gpa5);

    // no number needed to be passed into function because it only takes five

  printf(" do the math: %f \n",  ( ((d_gpa1*d_gpa1) + (d_gpa2*d_gpa2) + (d_gpa3*d_gpa3) + (d_gpa4*d_gpa4) + (d_gpa5*d_gpa5) / 5))  );

  // raised to the power of 2 then the total divided by how many to get advarage?
  printf("being returned using pow( ) : %f \n",  (  (pow(d_gpa1, 2) + pow(d_gpa2,2) + pow(d_gpa3, 2) + pow(d_gpa4,2) + pow(d_gpa5, 2) ) / 5 ));


// shortened it for readability it was too long
 //  return (  ( ((d_gpa1*d_gpa1) + (d_gpa2*d_gpa2) + (d_gpa3*d_gpa3) + (d_gpa4*d_gpa4) + (d_gpa5*d_gpa5) / 5))  )

    return (  (pow(d_gpa1, 2) + pow(d_gpa2,2) + pow(d_gpa3, 2) + pow(d_gpa4,2) + pow(d_gpa5, 2) ) / 5 );
}
double compute_standard_deviation(double variance) {
return ( sqrt(variance) );
}

int main()
{

 double gpa1, gpa2,gpa3,gpa4,gpa5, gpa_mean;
 gpa1 = 5.3;
 gpa2 = 2.3;
 gpa3 = 10.3;
 gpa4 = 123456782.3;
 gpa5 = 2.3;
 gpa_mean = 7.0;
double  compute_sd;

//    printf( "sd %.2lf\n ", compute_sd);
// raised to the power of 2 (deviation3)^2  ???? pow(gpa1,2) ??


    compute_deviation_gpa( &gpa1, &gpa2, &gpa3, &gpa4, &gpa5,  &gpa_mean);
    compute_sd = compute_standard_deviation(  compute_variance(gpa1, gpa2, gpa3, gpa4, gpa5)  ) ;
    printf( "\n@:  sd %.2lf\n ", compute_sd);



return 0;
}

---

Code:

---

serx@~/bin <> gcc -Wall  -lm devation_gpa.c
userx@~/bin <> ./a.out
1::IN C DEVATION 5.30
 2.30
 10.30
 123456782.30
 2.30
 7.00
2:: leaving C DEVATION 5.00
 4.00
 3.00
 2.00
 1.00
 7.00
in Compute 5.000000 4.000000 3.000000 2.000000 1.000000
 do the math: 54.200000
being returned using pow( ) : 11.000000

@:  sd 3.32

---

Now it is working using pow() in math.h

Code:

---

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>

double  compute_deviation_gpa(double * gpa1, double * gpa2, double * gpa3, double * gpa4, double * gpa5, double * gpa_mean)

{
printf("1::IN C DEVATION %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n", *(double*)gpa1, *(double*)gpa2, *(double*)gpa3, *(double*)gpa4, *(double*)gpa5, *(double*)gpa_mean);

    *gpa1 = gpa1 - gpa_mean;
    *gpa2 = gpa2 - gpa_mean;
    *gpa3 = gpa3 - gpa_mean;
    *gpa4 = gpa4 - gpa_mean;
    *gpa5 = gpa5 - gpa_mean;

printf("2:: leaving C DEVATION %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n %.2lf\n", *(double*)gpa1, *(double*)gpa2, *(double*)gpa3, *(double*)gpa4, *(double*)gpa5, *(double*)gpa_mean);
  return 0.0;
}
double compute_variance(double d_gpa1, double d_gpa2, double d_gpa3, double d_gpa4, double d_gpa5)
{
    printf("in Compute %f %f %f %f %f \n", d_gpa1, d_gpa2, d_gpa3, d_gpa4, d_gpa5);
    // no number needed to be passed into function because it only takes five
  printf(" do the math old way: %lf \n",  ( ((d_gpa1*d_gpa1) + (d_gpa2*d_gpa2) + (d_gpa3*d_gpa3) + (d_gpa4*d_gpa4) + (d_gpa5*d_gpa5) / 5))  );
  // raised to the power of 2 then the total divided by how many to get advarage?
  printf("being returned using pow( ) : %lf \n", (  (pow(d_gpa1, 2)  ) + ( pow(d_gpa2, 2) ) + ( pow(d_gpa3, 2) ) + ( pow(d_gpa4, 2) ) + ( pow(d_gpa5, 2) ) /  5) );


return (  (pow(d_gpa1, 2)  ) + ( pow(d_gpa2, 2) ) + ( pow(d_gpa3, 2) ) + ( pow(d_gpa4, 2) ) + ( pow(d_gpa5, 2) ) /  5);
}
double compute_standard_deviation(double variance) {
return ( sqrt(variance) );
}

int main()
{

 double gpa1, gpa2,gpa3,gpa4,gpa5, gpa_mean;
 gpa1 = 5.3;
 gpa2 = 2.3;
 gpa3 = 10.3;
 gpa4 = 123456782.3;
 gpa5 = 2.3;
 gpa_mean = 7.0;
double  compute_sd;

    compute_deviation_gpa( &gpa1, &gpa2, &gpa3, &gpa4, &gpa5,  &gpa_mean);
    compute_sd = compute_standard_deviation(  compute_variance(gpa1, gpa2, gpa3, gpa4, gpa5)  ) ;
    printf( "\nAnswer: :  sd %.2lf\n ", compute_sd);

return 0;
}

---

results, ok I hope you get a look at this

Code:

---

userx@~/bin <> ./a.out
1::IN C DEVATION 5.30
 2.30
 10.30
 123456782.30
 2.30
 7.00
2:: leaving C DEVATION 5.00
 4.00
 3.00
 2.00
 1.00
 7.00
in Compute 5.000000 4.000000 3.000000 2.000000 1.000000
 do the math old way: 54.200000
being returned using pow( ) : 54.200000

Answer: :  sd 7.36

---

Quote:

---

you got a be the judge on the math part.

---

Okay I will question your "math". In the compute_deviation_gpa() function you show that on entry to the function gpa1 is equal to 5.30 and gpa_mean is 5.00. Yet you report that on leaving the function gpa1 will be equal to 5.00. This "math" doesn't add up since the "math" should be 5.30 - 5.00 which should be .30 not 5.00.

Can you explain why your modifications are reporting false values?

Jim

if you are taling to me and not the OP , I did not mess with his math, I just modied it to return through the pharm as he had it written to return each one seperatly.

to help you not have to go look at the first post.

is not this what he wrote:
finction 1:

Code:

---

  deviation_gpa1 = gpa1 - gpa_mean;    deviation_gpa2 = gpa2 - gpa_mean;
    deviation_gpa3 = gpa3 - gpa_mean;
    deviation_gpa4 = gpa4 - gpa_mean;
    deviation_gpa5 = gpa5 - gpa_mean;

---

the same as this?

Code:

---

    *gpa1 = gpa1 - gpa_mean;
    *gpa2 = gpa2 - gpa_mean;
    *gpa3 = gpa3 - gpa_mean;
    *gpa4 = gpa4 - gpa_mean;
    *gpa5 = gpa5 - gpa_mean;

---

it just reassigns the value in the same var.

I changed this in function2:
keeping in mind he did not assign the results of this to anything so he was getting zero

Code:

---

((deviation_gpa1*deviation_gpa1) + (deviation_gpa2*deviation_gpa2) + (deviation_gpa3*deviation_gpa3) + (deviation_gpa4*deviation_gpa4) + (deviation_gpa5*deviation_gpa5) / number);

---

to this
[code]
return ((deviation_gpa1*deviation_gpa1) + (deviation_gpa2*deviation_gpa2) + (deviation_gpa3*deviation_gpa3) + (deviation_gpa4*deviation_gpa4) + (deviation_gpa5*deviation_gpa5) / number);

I didn;t change anything, just had that math done in the return.

function3
I did the same,

Code:

---

double standard_d = 0.0;    standard_d = sqrt(variance);
    return standard_d;

---

to this

Code:

---

return ( sqrt(variance) );

---

so I did not set up the math I just fixed it to return the results his math equations.

then later I looked into what math.h may have to do some of it too. pow(x,y);
I just shortened the var names so it is not so long making it eaier to fit on one line.

Code:

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return (  (pow(d_gpa1, 2)  ) + ( pow(d_gpa2, 2) ) + ( pow(d_gpa3, 2) ) + ( pow(d_gpa4, 2) ) + ( pow(d_gpa5, 2) ) /  5);

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again I am not doing the equations nor the math that is done by the PC.

Quote:

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Originally Posted by jimblumberg

Okay I will question your "math". In the compute_deviation_gpa() function you show that on entry to the function gpa1 is equal to 5.30 and gpa_mean is 5.00. Yet you report that on leaving the function gpa1 will be equal to 5.00. This "math" doesn't add up since the "math" should be 5.30 - 5.00 which should be .30 not 5.00.

Can you explain why your modifications are reporting false values?

Jim

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that is a good question I put printf i the function doing showing this

Code:

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**/
    printf("values being reasinged to var\n");
    printf(" gpa1 %lf\n", *(double*)gpa1);
    printf("gpa-mean %lf\n", *(double*)gpa_mean);
    printf("  *gpa1 = gpa1 - gpa_mean --> %lf\n",  ( *(double*)gpa1 = gpa1 - gpa_mean) );

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Code:

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this
deviation_gpa1 = gpa1 - gpa_mean;
should be the same as this
 *gpa1 = gpa1 - gpa_mean;
yes?

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results

Code:

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values being reasinged to var
 gpa1 5.300000
gpa-mean 5.000000
  *gpa1 = gpa1 - gpa_mean --> 5.000000

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I did not mess with the equations.

Quote:

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I did not mess with the equations.

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That's good because it's not the equations that are the problem.

Look at this snippet

Code:

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printf(" gpa1 %lf\n", *(double*)gpa1);

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This is small part of your problem. Can you explain the purpose of the cast?

Jim