Reducing size of C program to fit in qr code
I wanted to fit minesweeper into a qr code, which has a maximum size allowance of 3KB. As it stands, my program's binary is 12KB, and its object file is 3KB. I tried using UPX on the binary and managed to get it down to 6KB. I've been compiling with these commands: gcc.exe -Wall -Os -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -c C:\Users\mlfre\OneDrive\Desktop\Minesweeper2\main. c -o obj\Release\main.o and gcc.exe -o bin\Release\Minesweeper2.exe obj\Release\main.o -s -Wl,--gc-sections -lKernel32 -lgcc -lmsvcrt.
I have not attempted removing the default libs because whenever I do I get a lot of undefined reference errors, and have tried many ways but each 'solution' brings up even more problems. I haven't tried editing the PE headers because they seem very complex and I have not found a low-enough level explanation on how to do so. Although I did make sure to limit the header files I used to just windows.h. I know the libraries I need are kernel32 because most need to have that, mscvrt since its windows.h's library, and gcc because if I were to use -nodefaultlibs it would get removed.
My code can be seen here:
Code:
#include <windows.h>
#define WIDTH 100
#define HEIGHT 100
#define BOMBS 800
struct xorshift_state {
int a;
};
int xorshift(struct xorshift_state *state)
{
int x = state->a;
x ^= x << 13;
x ^= x >> 17;
x ^= x << 5;
return state->a = x;
}
void ExpandGrid(int fullGrid[WIDTH][HEIGHT], int knownGrid[WIDTH][HEIGHT], int blankPos[2])
{
int neighbors[8][2] = {{0,1}, {1,0}, {1,1},
{0,-1}, {-1,0},
{-1,-1},{-1,1},{1,-1}};
int curTile[2];
knownGrid[blankPos[0]][blankPos[1]] = 1;
if(fullGrid[blankPos[0]][blankPos[1]] != 0) return;
for(int blck = 0; blck < 8; ++blck)
{
curTile[0] = blankPos[0]+neighbors[blck][0];
curTile[1] = blankPos[1]+neighbors[blck][1];
if(curTile[0] > WIDTH-1 || curTile[1] > HEIGHT-1 || curTile[0] < 0 || curTile[1] < 0) continue;
if(fullGrid[curTile[0]][curTile[1]] == 0 && knownGrid[curTile[0]][curTile[1]] == 0)
{
knownGrid[curTile[0]][curTile[1]] = 1;
ExpandGrid(fullGrid, knownGrid, curTile);
}
else if(fullGrid[curTile[0]][curTile[1]] > 0) knownGrid[curTile[0]][curTile[1]] = 1;
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
COORD characterBufferSize = { WIDTH, HEIGHT };
COORD characterPosition = { 0, 0 };
SMALL_RECT consoleWriteArea = { 0, 0, WIDTH - 1, HEIGHT - 1 };
CHAR_INFO consoleBuffer[WIDTH][HEIGHT];
HANDLE wHnd = GetStdHandle(-11);
HANDLE rHnd = GetStdHandle(-10);
DWORD numEventsRead = 0;
DWORD numEvents = 0;
INPUT_RECORD *eventBuffer = {0};
int wait = 45;
int startGrid[WIDTH][HEIGHT] = { 0 };
int knownGrid[WIDTH][HEIGHT] = { 0 };
int arrowPos[2] = {0, 0};
int bomb[2] = {0};
struct xorshift_state seed = {argc == 2 ? (int) argv[1] : 1};
for (int i = 0; i < BOMBS; i++)
{
while (startGrid[bomb[0]][bomb[1]] < -1 || bomb[0] <= 0 || bomb[1] <= 0 || bomb[0] >= WIDTH-1 || bomb[1] >= HEIGHT-1)
{
bomb[0] = (xorshift(&seed) % WIDTH-1) + 1;
bomb[1] = (xorshift(&seed) % HEIGHT-1) + 1;
}
startGrid[bomb[0]][bomb[1]] = -9;
startGrid[bomb[0] + 1][bomb[1] + 1]++;
startGrid[bomb[0] + 1][bomb[1]]++;
startGrid[bomb[0]][bomb[1] + 1]++;
startGrid[bomb[0] - 1][bomb[1] + 1]++;
startGrid[bomb[0]][bomb[1] - 1]++;
startGrid[bomb[0] + 1][bomb[1] - 1]++;
startGrid[bomb[0] - 1][bomb[1] - 1]++;
startGrid[bomb[0] - 1][bomb[1]]++;
}
while(1)
{
if (arrowPos[0] > WIDTH-1) arrowPos[0] = WIDTH-1;
if (arrowPos[0] < 0) arrowPos[0] = 0;
if (arrowPos[1] > HEIGHT-1) arrowPos[1] = HEIGHT-1;
if (arrowPos[1] < 0) arrowPos[1] = 0;
for (int x = 0; x < WIDTH; ++x)
{
for (int y = 0; y < HEIGHT; ++y)
{
if (knownGrid[x][y] == 1)
{
if (startGrid[x][y] > 0)
{
consoleBuffer[x][y].Char.AsciiChar = '0' + startGrid[x][y];
consoleBuffer[x][y].Attributes = 10;
}
else
{
consoleBuffer[x][y].Char.AsciiChar = 'o';
consoleBuffer[x][y].Attributes = startGrid[x][y] < 0 ? 4 : 17;
}
}
else
{
consoleBuffer[x][y].Char.AsciiChar = 00;
consoleBuffer[x][y].Attributes = 0;
}
if(arrowPos[0] == x && arrowPos[1] == y)
{
consoleBuffer[x][y].Attributes = 112;
}
}
}
WriteConsoleOutput(wHnd, *consoleBuffer, characterBufferSize, characterPosition, &consoleWriteArea);
numEvents = 0;
numEventsRead = 0;
GetNumberOfConsoleInputEvents(rHnd, &numEvents);
if (numEvents)
{
eventBuffer = malloc(sizeof(INPUT_RECORD) * numEvents);
ReadConsoleInput(rHnd, eventBuffer, numEvents, &numEventsRead);
}
if(numEventsRead && wait <= 0)
{
wait = 45;
switch (eventBuffer[0].Event.KeyEvent.wVirtualKeyCode)
{
case 38:
arrowPos[0]--;
break;
case 40:
arrowPos[0]++;
break;
case 37:
arrowPos[1]--;
break;
case 39:
arrowPos[1]++;
break;
case 13:
ExpandGrid(startGrid, knownGrid, arrowPos);
break;
}
}
wait--;
}
}
And if I turn on -nodefaultlibs this is the string of errors i get:
Code:
-------------- Build: Release in Minesweeper2 (compiler: GNU GCC Compiler)---------------
gcc.exe -Wall -Os -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -c C:\Users\mlfre\OneDrive\Desktop\Minesweeper2\main.c -o obj\Release\main.o
gcc.exe -o bin\Release\Minesweeper2.exe obj\Release\main.o -s -Wl,--gc-sections -nodefaultlibs -lKernel32 -lgcc -lmsvcrt
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../crt2.o:(.text+0x13c): undefined reference to `fesetenv'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../crt2.o:(.text+0x1a5): undefined reference to `__dyn_tls_init_callback'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../crt2.o:(.text+0x1d9): undefined reference to `__cpu_features_init'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../crt2.o:(.text+0x1de): undefined reference to `_CRT_fenv'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../crt2.o:(.text+0x1e6): undefined reference to `fesetenv'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../crt2.o:(.text+0x1eb): undefined reference to `_setargv'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../crt2.o:(.text+0x1f0): undefined reference to `_CRT_fmode'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../crt2.o:(.text+0x206): undefined reference to `_pei386_runtime_relocator'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../crt2.o:(.text+0x25d): undefined reference to `_CRT_fmode'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../crt2.o:(.text+0x271): undefined reference to `_CRT_fmode'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../crt2.o:(.text+0x2a4): undefined reference to `_CRT_glob'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Process terminated with status 1 (0 minute(s), 0 second(s))
12 error(s), 0 warning(s) (0 minute(s), 0 second(s))
So now I'm wondering either a) how could i fix this nodefaultlibs error, or b) is there anything else i can do that i might've overlooked to reduce the size of the program ?
