Using c with other languages.

Hi
I'm trying to print some texts in other languages. But It's not possible to print those characters. Do you know why can we use it like this? Actually, if I press directly then it works as well ü ö Ö Ü but I wonder why that doesn't work as the book explains.

Code:

---

#include <stdio.h>
int main () {
printf("\x81 \x94 \x99 \x9A \n");
return 0;
}

---

Well the representation of non ASCII characters depends on
- your OS
- your compiler
- your console/terminal (not all are capable of rendering extended characters)
- your fonts (not all have glyphs at the code points of interest)

How your generated code outputs glyphs to your chosen console/terminal affects how the terminal will respond.

> Actually, if I press directly then it works as well ü ö Ö Ü but I wonder why that doesn't work as the book explains.
You need to show some examples of your "working" code as well.

Nor do we have any idea what "the book" is that you're referring to.

Quote:

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Originally Posted by Salem

Well the representation of non ASCII characters depends on
- your compiler

---

How the compiler plays a role? I'm talking about compilers for the same language? Aren't they produced the same code when it comes to data types?

Quote:

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Originally Posted by whynot

Hi
I'm trying to print some texts in other languages. But It's not possible to print those characters. Do you know why can we use it like this? Actually, if I press directly then it works as well ü ö Ö Ü but I wonder why that doesn't work as the book explains.

Code:

---

#include <stdio.h>
int main () {
printf("\x81 \x94 \x99 \x9A \n");
return 0;
}

---

---

Because it doesn't work like that. UTF-8 unicode (which is the most common) uses multiple codepoints for each character (other than the 128 ascii ones, hence why you can do something like this: `printf("\x2e\n");`. To print unicode characters, you either copy paste them (like you said) or you print it's codepoints in order like that:

Emoji used: 😅 - Smiling Face with Open Mouth and Cold Sweat Emoji: U+1F605 - Unicode Character Table

```
printf("\xf0\x9f\x98\x85\n");
```

At least, that's my understanding of it. There may be other ways to do it but I'm not sure.

Also, I would like to see "the book" you are saying so I can see the example.

One mistake is to think C only deals with ASCII or single byte charsets... The standard is clear: C deals with MULTIBYTE CHARSETS. Specifically UNICODE (since it was created, too, by Ken Thompson)... You can print the smiley face like this:

printf( "😅\n" );

If your OS isn't using UTF-8 this will print unexpected chars, of course.

hmm
I got it. It's a command-line setup Asci or UTF-8. Noting to do with c compiler.

Output is like this

Code:

---

#include <stdio.h>
int main () {
printf("\x81 \x94 \x99 \x9A\n");
printf("ü ö Ö Ü\n");
printf("\x2e\n");
return 0;
}

---

Code:

---

� � � �
ü ö Ö Ü
.

---

Thank you all.

This is what it produces as a byte stream.

Code:

---

$ cat foo.c
#include <stdio.h>
int main () {
  printf("\x81 \x94 \x99 \x9A\n");
  printf("ü ö Ö Ü\n");
  printf("\x2e\n");
  return 0;
}
$ gcc foo.c
$ ./a.out | hd
00000000  81 20 94 20 99 20 9a 0a  c3 bc 20 c3 b6 20 c3 96  |. . . .... .. ..|
00000010  20 c3 9c 0a 2e 0a                                | .....|
00000016
$

---

All those c3 xx pairs are your UTF-8 encoded diacritic characters.

u - U with two Dots: U+00FC uuml - Unicode Character Table
Scroll down to the UTF-8 encoding.

Not sure what you expected to see with your \x81 line.