"for" loop or "while" loop?

I'm just learning C++. What is the difference between these two loops and can anyone show an example of what loop to use when?

They're pretty much the same.
Use a for loop if you know how many iterations you have - say indexing an array
Use a while loop if you don't know, say reading lines from a file.

Salem's answer is a good rule of thumb for beginners.

I'd say use a for loop if you have need of what it provides: an action that needs to be done once at the start of the looping, a condition on which the continued looping depends and an action that needs to be done between each iteration that can be described as "fetch the data for the next iteration".

I think of it this way:

A while loop is good if you have an ending condition but no given starting position. A for loop is good if you have a known starting and ending position.

Example:

Count to 10. Here, I would use a while loop, because I don't know where I start from. That's given to me somewhere else. I just know that I have to get what I got up (or down) to 10.

Count to 10, starting at 1. Here, I would use a for loop because I know the starting and ending conditions.

Just my 2 cp.

Some examples.

Exercise 1: Display the numbers from 0-9.

Code:

---

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
        for(int i = 0; i <= 9; i++)
        {
                cout<<i<<endl;
        }

        return 0;
}

---

When a programmer is writing that program, he/she knows exactly how many times the loop needs to be repeated to accomplish the task.

Exercise 2: Ask the user to input a number between 0-9, and then display the numbers between the input number and 9.

Code:

---

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
        //Get a number from the user:
        int input;
        cout<<"Enter a number between 0-9: ";
        cin>>input;

        while(input<=9)
        {
                cout<<input<<endl;
                input = input + 1;
        }

        return 0;
}

---

Generally, you use a for loop when you know exactly how many times you want to loop. A while loop is used when you don't know how many times your program will loop at the time you are writing the program. In the while loop above, the programmer has no idea how many times the program will need to loop since it depends on what the user inputs.

Well on your second example 7stud I'd still use a for loop.

Code:

---

for(;input <= 9; input++)
  cout<<input<<endl;

---

or even

Code:

---

        int input;
        cout<<"Input a number between 0 and 9: ";
        for(cin>>input; input >= 0 && input <= 9; input++)
                cout<<input<<endl;

---

I (generally) use for loops when I have a variable that has the same small action preformed upon it every iteration and that variable directly affects the condition.

I (generally) use while loops when I have a variable that does not have the same action preformed upon it iteration or when such variable does not directly contribute to the condition.

Code:

---

int i;
while( (i=rand()) != 5 )
  cout<<i<<endl;

---

The condition "when you know exactly how many times to loop" also prevents the standard C-string iteration loop:
for(char *p = str; *p; ++p)

Quote:

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Originally Posted by Thantos

I (generally) use while loops when I have a variable that does not have the same action preformed upon it iteration or when such variable does not directly contribute to the condition.

Code:

---

int i;
while( (i=rand()) != 5 )
  cout<<i<<endl;

---

---

Two can play that game. Wouldn't this work as well?

Code:

---

int i = rand();
for(;i!=5; i=rand())
        cout<<i<<endl;

---

:)

The predeterminable-number-of-loops-calls-for-a-for-loop "rule" also doesn't account for this construct:

Code:

---

cout<<"enter a number between 0-9"<<endl;
cin>>input;

for(;;)
{
        if(++input > 9) break;
        cout<<input<<endl;
}

---

...a for-loop used for an indeterminate number of loops. :eek:

nor this one:

Code:

---

cout<<"enter a number between 0-9"<<endl;
cin>>input;

for(int i=input+1; i<= 9; cout<<i++<<endl)
;

---

...once again a for-loop used for an indeterminate number of loops. :eek:

nor this one

Code:

---

//display numbers 0-9:

int i = 0;
while(i <= 9)
{
        cout<<i++<<endl;
}

---

...a while loop used for a predetermined number of loops. :eek:

Does that mean a general 'rule' isn't a good starting point? :(

I guess that whenever you have a for loop you could do the same thing with a while loop and vice versa. But for a beginner, using a for loop when you have a predeterminate number of steps to perform and using a while loop when you're checking whether some condition is satisfied or not works fine. Typically i use a for loop for iterating over an array of some kind and a while loop for most other situations.
So I'd say 7stud's original answer is probably the best advice to follow if youre just learning c++.

Quote:

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So I'd say 7stud's original answer is probably the best advice to follow if youre just learning c++.

---

...err..well Salem posted it first. I just posted some examples, so the poster could see what the others were talking about. :)

What I was trying to show 7stud is that in both examples you were still iterating over a known range as my second example of the for loop showed. My example on the while loop wasn't the best.
Maybe this one (adapted from actual usage in PHP) is better example:

Code:

---

MYSQL_RES *res;
MYSQL_ROW row;
res = db_query("SELECT blah blah blah FROM MEH", __FILE__, __LINE__);
while( row = mysql_fetch_row(res) )
  // Do something with row

---

for another:

Code:

---

ifstream in("bob.txt");
while ( in )
  // Do something to read the file

---

And yes any while can be written as a for or do while and any for can be written as a while or do while and any do while can be written as a while or for.

Personally, I use while loops with bools only.. Like for a game loop,

Code:

---


bool gamelooprunning;
gamelooprunning = true;

while (gamelooprunning)
{
// all the game loop stuff

if (playerisdead)
{
gamelooprunning = false
}
}

---