Yeah, that's about it. I don't think there's a point in knowing more than one language from that category (general purpose, dynamic typing, GC, OO) unless you are required to. As to which one is "the best", I guess it depends on the criteria. They all have an immense range of modules. I learned some ruby for a rails project, I would not bother beyond that because I like perl more. Likewise, I learned a smidgen of python to script-fu gimp. I've had to work in php before. Perl's less stodgy than all of them IMO. Because of the evil sigils. :devil: