>>2. I understand from nvoigt's posting that that every language that uses .NET can use it's framework. As far as I know, a language is nothing but a language. What is then meant by "a language which uses .NET"?

Your right a language is just a language and therefore has to be compiled. What I think is that .net (or atleast one part of using it) is the way the language is compiled. What I think they are trying to say is that microsoft is changing the way they compile programs so that the same compiled code can work on any machine.
As much as I hate to sound like a dooms day profit, I don't really see this going too well. You still need to have the microsoft software inplace to compile it "just in time" (isn't that a phrase they stole of borland's tasm debugger?). This is probbly just my personal bias though as I seem to want all my things to be as standalone as possible.