Yor getFile could be simpler.
Code:
vector<double> getFile() {
  vector<double> input_from_file;
  fstream loaded_file("unsorted_numbers_short.dat");
  if (!loaded_file) {
    cout << "File not found!";
    return input_from_file;
  }
  double temp;
  while (loaded_file >> temp)
    input_from_file.push_back(temp);

  return input_from_file;
}