I need help with this assignment. It had some compiler issues on it, some of which I managed to fix, but there are others I don't understand. The code is long, but the majority of it was made by the instructor and doesn't need to be bothered with. There's plenty of notes indicating what I coded and what he coded to test it.
This is the code:
And this is the compile error.Code:/* * Name : lab_5.cpp * Author : Erik Ingvoldsen * Description : Practising Functions */ #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cstdlib> #include <sstream> #include <streambuf> using std::cin; using std::cout; using std::endl; using std::string; /* * function name: Hello * parameters: none * default arguments: n/a * return type: void * * Display "Hello world!" to stdout (no newline character after) */ // CODE HERE (FUNCTION PROTOTYPE) void Hello() { cout << "hello world\n"; } /* * function name: PrintMessage * parameters: string message (const call-by-reference) * default arguments: none * return type: void * * Display message to stdout (no newline character after) */ // CODE HERE (FUNCTION PROTOTYPE) void PrintMessage(string message) { message="This is a message."; std::cout << message; } /* * function name: GetAnswer * parameters: none * default arguments: n/a * return type: int * * Return the value 42 */ // CODE HERE (FUNCTION PROTOTYPE) int GetAnswer() { int answer=42; return answer; } /* * function name: FindLarger * parameters: int (const call-by-reference), int (const call-by-reference) * default arguments: none * return type: int * * Return the larger of the two parameter values. Should work correctly * if the values are equivalent. */ // CODE HERE (FUNCTION PROTOTYPE) int FindLarger(int num1, int num2) { int max=0; if (num1 > num2) { max = num1; return max; } else if (num2 > num1) { max=num2; return max; } else { cout << "Numbers are the same size."; } } /* * function name: GetStats * parameters: string (const call-by-reference), int (call-by-reference), * int (call-by-reference) * default arguments: none * return type: int * * Return the length of string. On return second parameter (int) should contain * a count of the number of uppercase characters of first parameter (string), * third parameter (int) should contain a count of the number of lowercase * characters in the first parameter (string) */ // CODE HERE (FUNCTION PROTOTYPE) int GetStats(string str, int upper, int lower) { int size = str.length(); for (int i = 0; i < (int)(str.length()); i++) { upper = str.at() >= 'A' && str.at() <= 'Z'; } for (int i = 0; i < (int)(str.length()); i++) { lower = str.at() >= 'a' && str.at() <= 'z'); } return size; return upper; return lower; } /* * function name: BuildMessage * parameters: string (const call-by-reference), bool (const call-by-reference) * default arguments: string = "" (empty string), bool = false * return type: string * * Return the string "Message: STRING", where STRING is replaced by the value of * the first parameter (string). If second parameter (bool) is true, convert * first parameter (string) to all uppercase letters before concatenating it * with "Message: ". If first parameter is the empty string, return * "Message: empty". */ // CODE HERE (FUNCTION PROTOTYPE) string BuildMessage(string str, bool caps) { std::cout << "Message: " << str; if(caps="true") { for (unsigned int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) str.at(i) = toupper(str.at(i)); } return ""; } // For testing (DO NOT ALTER) #include <cctype> #include <vector> void UnitTest(); void Test(bool test, int line_number, string more_info = "", string yours = "!", string actual = "!"); void OutputFailedTests(); unsigned int ut_passed = 0, ut_failed = 0, ut_total = 0, num_of_tests = 0; std::vector<int> failed_tests; // Program Execution Starts Here int main() { // To test your code (DO NOT ALTER) UnitTest(); // This ends program execution return 0; } // CODE HERE (FUNCTION DEFINITIONS) // For testing (DO NOT ALTER) void UnitTest() { cout << string(40, '-') << endl; cout << "UNIT TEST:\n" << string(40, '-') << endl; if (num_of_tests != 0) cout << "Total Number of Test: " << num_of_tests << endl; string yours = "", actual = ""; // Tests std::streambuf* oldCout = cout.rdbuf(); std::ostringstream captureCout; cout.rdbuf(captureCout.rdbuf()); Hello(); cout.rdbuf(oldCout); yours = captureCout.str(); actual = "Hello world!"; Test(yours == actual, __LINE__, "Hello()", yours, actual); captureCout.str(""); cout.rdbuf(captureCout.rdbuf()); PrintMessage("Hello again!"); cout.rdbuf(oldCout); yours = captureCout.str(); actual = "Hello again!"; Test(yours == actual, __LINE__, "PrintMessage(\"Hello again!\")", yours, actual); Test(GetAnswer() == 42, __LINE__, "GetAnswer()"); Test(FindLarger(-1, 1) == 1, __LINE__, "FindLarger(-1, 1)"); Test(FindLarger(1, -1) == 1, __LINE__, "FindLarger(1, -1)"); Test(FindLarger(1, 1) == 1, __LINE__, "FindLarger(1, 1)"); int upper = 0, lower = 0; Test(GetStats("abc ABC", upper, lower) == 7 && upper == 3 && lower == 3, __LINE__, "GetStats(\"abc 123\", upper, lower)"); Test(GetStats("abc", upper, lower) == 3 && upper == 0 && lower == 3, __LINE__, "GetStats(\"abc\", upper, lower)"); Test(GetStats("ABC", upper, lower) == 3 && upper == 3 && lower == 0, __LINE__, "GetStats(\"ABC\", upper, lower)"); Test(GetStats("", upper, lower) == 0 && upper == 0 && lower == 0, __LINE__, "GetStats(\"\", upper, lower)"); yours = BuildMessage("hello"); actual = "Message: hello"; Test(yours == actual, __LINE__, "BuildMessage(\"hello\")", yours, actual); yours = BuildMessage("hello", true); actual = "Message: HELLO"; Test(yours == actual, __LINE__, "BuildMessage(\"hello\", true)", yours, actual); yours = BuildMessage("HELLO", false); actual = "Message: HELLO"; Test(yours == actual, __LINE__, "BuildMessage(\"HELLO\", false)", yours, actual); yours = BuildMessage("HELLO", true); actual = "Message: HELLO"; Test(yours == actual, __LINE__, "BuildMessage(\"HELLO\", true)", yours, actual); yours = BuildMessage(); actual = "Message: empty"; Test(yours == actual, __LINE__, "BuildMessage()", yours, actual); cout << string(40, '-') << endl; cout << "Passed: " << ut_passed << " / " << ut_total << endl; OutputFailedTests(); cout << string(40, '-') << endl; cout << "END OF UNIT TEST!\n"; cout << string(40, '-') << endl; cout << "Be sure to run 'make style' to check for any style errors.\n" << "Please note that 'make style' does NOT check variable names or" << " indentation" << endl << endl; } // For testing (DO NOT ALTER) void Test(bool test, int line_number, string more_info, string yours, string actual) { ut_total++; if (test) { cout << "PASSED TEST "; ut_passed++; } else { cout << "FAILED TEST "; ut_failed++; failed_tests.push_back(ut_total); } cout << ut_total << " " << more_info << "!" << endl; if (!test) { if (yours != "!") cout << "Yours: \"" << yours << '"' << endl; if (actual != "!") cout << "Actual: \"" << actual << '"' << endl; cout << " Check Line " << line_number << " for more info" << endl; } } void OutputFailedTests() { if (failed_tests.size()) { cout << "Failed test number(s): "; for (unsigned int i = 0; i < failed_tests.size() - 1; i++) cout << failed_tests.at(i) << ", "; cout << failed_tests.at(failed_tests.size() - 1) << endl; } }
Code:$ make /usr/bin/g++ -Wall -Wextra -pedantic -g lab_5.cpp -o lab_5 lab_5.cpp: In function ‘int GetStats(std::string, int, int)’: lab_5.cpp:107:20: error: no matching function for call to ‘std::basic_string<char>::at()’ upper = str.at() >= 'A' && str.at() <= 'Z'; ^ lab_5.cpp:107:20: note: candidates are: In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/string:52:0, from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/locale_classes.h:40, from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/ios_base.h:41, from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/ios:42, from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/ostream:38, from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/iostream:39, from lab_5.cpp:7: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:875:7: note: std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::const_reference std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::at(std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type) const [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::const_reference = const char&; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type = long unsigned int] at(size_type __n) const ^ /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:875:7: note: candidate expects 1 argument, 0 provided /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:897:7: note: std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::reference std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::at(std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::reference = char&; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type = long unsigned int] at(size_type __n) ^ /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:897:7: note: candidate expects 1 argument, 0 provided lab_5.cpp:107:39: error: no matching function for call to ‘std::basic_string<char>::at()’ upper = str.at() >= 'A' && str.at() <= 'Z'; ^ lab_5.cpp:107:39: note: candidates are: In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/string:52:0, from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/locale_classes.h:40, from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/ios_base.h:41, from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/ios:42, from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/ostream:38, from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/iostream:39, from lab_5.cpp:7: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:875:7: note: std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::const_reference std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::at(std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type) const [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::const_reference = const char&; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type = long unsigned int] at(size_type __n) const ^ /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:875:7: note: candidate expects 1 argument, 0 provided /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:897:7: note: std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::reference std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::at(std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::reference = char&; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type = long unsigned int] at(size_type __n) ^ /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:897:7: note: candidate expects 1 argument, 0 provided lab_5.cpp:111:20: error: no matching function for call to ‘std::basic_string<char>::at()’ lower = str.at() >= 'a' && str.at() <= 'z'); ^ lab_5.cpp:111:20: note: candidates are: In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/string:52:0, from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/locale_classes.h:40, from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/ios_base.h:41, from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/ios:42, from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/ostream:38, from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/iostream:39, from lab_5.cpp:7: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:875:7: note: std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::const_reference std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::at(std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type) const [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::const_reference = const char&; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type = long unsigned int] at(size_type __n) const ^ /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:875:7: note: candidate expects 1 argument, 0 provided /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:897:7: note: std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::reference std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::at(std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::reference = char&; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type = long unsigned int] at(size_type __n) ^ /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:897:7: note: candidate expects 1 argument, 0 provided lab_5.cpp:111:39: error: no matching function for call to ‘std::basic_string<char>::at()’ lower = str.at() >= 'a' && str.at() <= 'z'); ^ lab_5.cpp:111:39: note: candidates are: In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/string:52:0, from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/locale_classes.h:40, from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/ios_base.h:41, from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/ios:42, from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/ostream:38, from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/iostream:39, from lab_5.cpp:7: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:875:7: note: std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::const_reference std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::at(std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type) const [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::const_reference = const char&; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type = long unsigned int] at(size_type __n) const ^ /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:875:7: note: candidate expects 1 argument, 0 provided /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:897:7: note: std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::reference std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::at(std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::reference = char&; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type = long unsigned int] at(size_type __n) ^ /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.9.2/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:897:7: note: candidate expects 1 argument, 0 provided lab_5.cpp: In function ‘std::string BuildMessage(std::string, bool)’: lab_5.cpp:134:17: warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value [-Wparentheses] if(caps="true") ^ lab_5.cpp: In function ‘void UnitTest()’: lab_5.cpp:201:31: error: too few arguments to function ‘std::string BuildMessage(std::string, bool)’ yours = BuildMessage("hello"); ^ lab_5.cpp:131:8: note: declared here string BuildMessage(string str, bool caps) ^ lab_5.cpp:216:24: error: too few arguments to function ‘std::string BuildMessage(std::string, bool)’ yours = BuildMessage(); ^ lab_5.cpp:131:8: note: declared here string BuildMessage(string str, bool caps) ^ lab_5.cpp: In function ‘int FindLarger(int, int)’: lab_5.cpp:87:1: warning: control reaches end of non-void function [-Wreturn-type] } ^ makefile:10: recipe for target 'lab_5' failed make: *** [lab_5] Error 1
Originally Posted by Bjarne Stroustrup (2000-10-14)
