how can i find out whether my cpu is low indian or high indian?

**Elysia** · 10-31-2009

Code:

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
	int x = 0x12345678;
	char* p = reinterpret_cast<char*>(&x);
	std::cout << std::hex << "0x" << (int)p[0] << "\n0x" << (int)p[1] << "\n0x" << (int)p[2] << "\n0x" << (int)p[3] << std::endl;
	if (p[0] == 0x78 && p[1] == 0x56 && p[2] == 0x34 && p[3] == 0x12)
		std::cout << "Congratulations! Your machine is little endian!\n";
	else if (p[0] == 0x12 && p[1] == 0x34 && p[2] == 0x56 && p[3] == 0x78)
		std::cout << "Congratulations! Your machine is big endian!\n";
	else
		std::cout << "Weird. Your machine is neither little endian nor big endian.\n";
}

Output:
0x78
0x56
0x34
0x12
Congratulations! Your machine is little endian!
Press any key to continue . . .

**Masterx** · 10-31-2009

Originally Posted by Elysia

Code:

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    int x = 0x12345678;
    char* p = reinterpret_cast<char*>(&x);
    std::cout << std::hex << "0x" << (int)p[0] << "\n0x" << (int)p[1] << "\n0x" << (int)p[2] << "\n0x" << (int)p[3] << std::endl;
    if (p[0] == 0x78 && p[1] == 0x56 && p[2] == 0x34 && p[3] == 0x12)
        std::cout << "Congratulations! Your machine is little endian!\n";
    else if (p[0] == 0x12 && p[1] == 0x34 && p[2] == 0x56 && p[3] == 0x78)
        std::cout << "Congratulations! Your machine is big endian!\n";
    else
        std::cout << "Weird. Your machine is neither little endian nor big endian.\n";
}

Output:
0x78
0x56
0x34
0x12
Congratulations! Your machine is little endian!
Press any key to continue . . .

Thanks a million Elysia .
so basically we should use static_cast <>() after converting the pointer.
so that it would give us the value stored in the new string !
i thought our new character pointer actually contains an address!
so even if i convert that into integer! it is still an address! how does it give me the first value though!
suppose we had an address of 0X00000002
now we use the following command to convert it to a char pointer

Code:

int const variable = 0x12345;
char const* char_pointer = reinterpret_cast<char const *>(&variable)

so now our char pointer contains the Address! of the variable !
i think it should be sth like for example these below:
char_pointer[0]=0x00000002;
char_pointer[1]=0x00000004;
char_pointer[1]=0x00000006;
char_pointer[1]=0x00000008;

so in order to get the value stored in Byte we need to go to first location which is stored in char_pointer[0]! but how is it possible without any kind of dereferencing ?
would anyone explain this to me ?
im trying to understand reinterpret_cast<>() stuff!
and the latest part really confused me !
i though we'd need to use reinterpret_cast<> again to be able to see the information we want! but it seems i was wrong.

thank you all in advance

**Sebastiani** · 10-31-2009

Maybe this will make it more clear:

Code:

#include <iostream>

int main( void )
{
    using namespace
        std;
    typedef unsigned char
        byte;
    typedef byte* 
        pbyte;
    typedef void*
        pvoid;
    size_t
        value = 0x12345678;
    pbyte
        ptr = pbyte( &value ), 
        seq = ptr;
    for( size_t index = 0; index < sizeof( value ); ++index, ++seq )
    {
        cout << "[" << pvoid( &ptr[ index ] ) << "] " << pvoid( ptr[ index ] ) << endl;  
        // ...same as... 
        cout << "[" << pvoid( ptr + index ) << "] " << pvoid( *( ptr + index ) ) << endl;  
        // ...same as... 
        cout << "[" << pvoid( seq ) << "] " << pvoid( *seq ) << endl;  
    }
    return 0;
}

So you see, array indexing *is* dereferencing a pointer.

Also, the reason why the cast from char to void* is necessary is simply because when an istream encounters a char or unsigned char type, it prints it's ASCII value.

**Masterx** · 10-31-2009

thank you sebastioni
really tanx
so the c++ way of doing it would be sth like

Code:

//in the name of GOD
//CPU Analyzer
#include <iostream>
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::dec;
using std::hex;
int main()
{
    size_t value;
    char * char_pointer ;

    cout<<"Please Enter your number (in hex)";
    cin>>hex>>value;

    char_pointer = reinterpret_cast<char *>(&value);
    cout<<"first byte in memory "<<reinterpret_cast<void*>(char_pointer[0]);
 
 
 
 
    return 0;
}

the catch here is that when dereferencing our char pointer , we need to make the compiler aware that we need the value! so we tell him! not to convert them to ascii!
and we do this by using either (void*) or (int*) in reinterpret_cast<>()
. thats great .
thank you so much guys .

**Elysia** · 11-01-2009

Let me explain to you in more details how this works.

Code:

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
	// The memory layout we will be examining.
	int x = 0x12345678;
	// Convert address to a char* pointer so we can examine byte-by-byte
	char* p = reinterpret_cast<char*>(&x);
	// p[0] dereferences the pointer and fetches the byte at the current position that the char pointer points to.
	// Similarly, p[n] fetches the nth byte from the position of the pointer p.
	// Since it is a char* pointer, when dereferencing the pointer, we get a char.
	// Naturally, since char is a character, std::cout will print out the character it represents.
	// To avoid this, we cast it to int to make sure it prints out the actual byte.
	// Coupled with std::hex prints out the hex presentation of the number.
	// This is only necessary when printing.
	std::cout << std::hex << "0x" << (int)p[0] << "\n0x" << (int)p[1] << "\n0x" << (int)p[2] << "\n0x" << (int)p[3] << std::endl;
	// This is the same as above. We dereference the pointer and checks its value.
	// Note that we do not need to cast it here. A char contains an integer like anything else, but
	// std::cout will interpret it as a character, so that is the reason we must cast in order to avoid that.
	if (p[0] == 0x78 && p[1] == 0x56 && p[2] == 0x34 && p[3] == 0x12)
		std::cout << "Congratulations! Your machine is little endian!\n";
	else if (p[0] == 0x12 && p[1] == 0x34 && p[2] == 0x56 && p[3] == 0x78)
		std::cout << "Congratulations! Your machine is big endian!\n";
	else
		std::cout << "Weird. Your machine is neither little endian nor big endian.\n";
}

Do not cast a byte value into a pointer.

**Masterx** · 11-01-2009

Originally Posted by Elysia

Let me explain to you in more details how this works.

Code:

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    // The memory layout we will be examining.
    int x = 0x12345678;
    // Convert address to a char* pointer so we can examine byte-by-byte
    char* p = reinterpret_cast<char*>(&x);
    // p[0] dereferences the pointer and fetches the byte at the current position that the char pointer points to.
    // Similarly, p[n] fetches the nth byte from the position of the pointer p.
    // Since it is a char* pointer, when dereferencing the pointer, we get a char.
    // Naturally, since char is a character, std::cout will print out the character it represents.
    // To avoid this, we cast it to int to make sure it prints out the actual byte.
    // Coupled with std::hex prints out the hex presentation of the number.
    // This is only necessary when printing.
    std::cout << std::hex << "0x" << (int)p[0] << "\n0x" << (int)p[1] << "\n0x" << (int)p[2] << "\n0x" << (int)p[3] << std::endl;
    // This is the same as above. We dereference the pointer and checks its value.
    // Note that we do not need to cast it here. A char contains an integer like anything else, but
    // std::cout will interpret it as a character, so that is the reason we must cast in order to avoid that.
    if (p[0] == 0x78 && p[1] == 0x56 && p[2] == 0x34 && p[3] == 0x12)
        std::cout << "Congratulations! Your machine is little endian!\n";
    else if (p[0] == 0x12 && p[1] == 0x34 && p[2] == 0x56 && p[3] == 0x78)
        std::cout << "Congratulations! Your machine is big endian!\n";
    else
        std::cout << "Weird. Your machine is neither little endian nor big endian.\n";
}

Do not cast a byte value into a pointer.

p[0] dereferences the pointer and fetches the byte at the current position that the char pointer points to.
Similarly, p[n] fetches the nth byte from the position of the pointer p.
Since it is a char* pointer, when dereferencing the pointer, we get a char.
Naturally, since char is a character, std::cout will print out the character it represents.
To avoid this, we cast it to int to make sure it prints out the actual byte.
Coupled with std::hex prints out the hex presentation of the number.
This is only necessary when printing.

now its plain as day xD

Thanks alot Elysia , really tanx! now fully understand that stuff .

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