Thread: Seeking some clarifications on these codes.

I have the following three short codes with their outputs. I am seeking clarifications as to how the output was come to. Any explanations are welcome. Thanks in advance.

Code:

include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char str[] = "ABKALM!OV";
for (int m=1; str[m]; m=m+2)
cout << str[m];
return 0;

}

Output: BAMO

Code:

include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int arr[] = {1,2,3,4,5};
for (int m=4; m; m=m-1)
arr[m] = arr[m-1] + m;
for (int m=0; m<5; m=m+1)
cout << arr[m];

}

Output: 12468

Code:

include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char arr[]="UND";
try {
for (int m=0; arr[m]; m=m+1) {
cout << arr[m];
if (arr[m]=='N')
throw 3;
cout << arr[m+2];
}
}
catch (…) {
cout << "HOPPLA";
}
cout << arr;
return 0;
}

Output: UDNHOPPLAUND