Reguarding 04 tutorial ( prototypes )

[Ashii]

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int mult ( int x, int y );

int main()
{
  int x;
  int y;
  
  cout<<"Please input two numbers to be multiplied: ";
  cin>> x >> y;
  cin.ignore();
  cout<<"The product of your two numbers is "<< mult ( x, y ) <<"\n";
  cin.get();
}

int mult ( int x, int y )
{
  return x * y;
}

The above snippet is from http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/lesson4.html ...

Why are prototypes used? wouldn't it be cleaner too write the functions before the required one? I'm confused on why they are needed.

If someone could explain I didn't see it mentioned in the tutorial of why so I ask here.

[Elysia]

Because at the point when the compiler sees your call to mult, it has no idea what the function looks like, what it returns and what arguments it expects.
Therefore we add a prototype (a declaration) so the compiler knows these things and can point out if you make errors in your code (and also generate correct code!).

[Cogman]

prototypes can often be much cleaner then just placing the function in front of the place you want to use it at. When developing big projects, it is a good idea to split up your program into many separate files, this allows you to keep track of what code is where. Prototypes in a header file allow a quick reference to what functions are in a file, and the safety feature of not having to know which order the compiler compiles your file.

(for example, it can compile main.cpp and notmain.cpp in whatever order it likes while main.cpp is still able to access any function in notmain.cpp)

[matsp]

(for example, it can compile main.cpp and notmain.cpp in whatever order it likes while main.cpp is still able to access any function in notmain.cpp)

In fact, regardless of order of compilation, if you use separate source files, you need a prototype to tell the compiler what the function(s) in the other source file(s) look like. And as soon as your project gets a bit bigger, you will want to start splitting it into multiple files. A file should cover "one area" of your program. In C++ it's very common to have one .cpp and one .h file for each class - where the .h file contains the declaration (that is, the member variables and prototypes of the member functions), and the .cpp file contains the implementation of the member functions.

--
Mats

[Ashii]

Thanks, I got alittle bit wiser

[Ashii]

Here i'm trying to finish the 05 lessons by writing up the functions for the voids in their code. But it complains on me, this is what I got so far:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int playgame();
int loadgame();
int playmultiplayer();

int main()
{
  int input;
  
  cout<<"1. Play game\n";
  cout<<"2. Load game\n";
  cout<<"3. Play multiplayer\n";
  cout<<"4. Exit\n";
  cout<<"Selection: ";
  cin>> input;
  switch ( input ) {
  case 1:            // Note the colon, not a semicolon
    playgame();
    break;
  case 2:            // Note the colon, not a semicolon
    loadgame();
    break;
  case 3:            // Note the colon, not a semicolon
    playmultiplayer();
    break;
  case 4:            // Note the colon, not a semicolon
    cout<<"Thank you for playing!\n";
    break;
  default:            // Note the colon, not a semicolon
    cout<<"Error, bad input, quitting\n";
    break;
  }
  cin.get();
}

int playgame() {
  cout<<"Yeaha Baby we're playing!\n";
}
int loadgame() {
  cout<<"Bummer.. you cheating bastard, loading a game are you?\n";
}
int playmultiplayer() {
  cout<<"Let the multiplayer mayhem begin...\n";
}

I changed void prototypes too int
defined the functions below main

It works too compile, and run but the compiler complains and was wondering if i'm doing something bad....

the compile error:

g++ -c -Wall lesson2.cpp -o lesson2.o
lesson2.cpp: In function ‘int playmultiplayer()’:
lesson2.cpp:47: warning: control reaches end of non-void function
lesson2.cpp: In function ‘int loadgame()’:
lesson2.cpp:44: warning: control reaches end of non-void function
lesson2.cpp: In function ‘int playgame()’:
lesson2.cpp:41: warning: control reaches end of non-void function
g++ lesson2.o -o hello

Originally it looked like this:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void playgame();
void loadgame();
void playmultiplayer();
	
int main()
{
  int input;
  
  cout<<"1. Play game\n";
  cout<<"2. Load game\n";
  cout<<"3. Play multiplayer\n";
  cout<<"4. Exit\n";
  cout<<"Selection: ";
  cin>> input;
  switch ( input ) {
  case 1:            // Note the colon, not a semicolon
    playgame();
    break;
  case 2:            // Note the colon, not a semicolon
    loadgame();
    break;
  case 3:            // Note the colon, not a semicolon
    playmultiplayer();
    break;
  case 4:            // Note the colon, not a semicolon
    cout<<"Thank you for playing!\n";
    break;
  default:            // Note the colon, not a semicolon
    cout<<"Error, bad input, quitting\n";
    break;
  }
  cin.get();
}

[Elysia]

That is because you told the compiler the function should return an int, but you never return anything.
The original functions with void as return type works because void functions do not return anything; indeed, if you tried to return anything, you would get an error.

[Ashii]

Oh wow, it was that simple

Thanks! got it fixed by just changing my int too voids.