Thread: Error in Rot13 function

  1. #1
    the magic penguim
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    Error in Rot13 function

    Why this dosen't work?

    Code:
    #include <stdio.h>
    
    char* rot13(char*);
    
    int main()
    {
        char *string = "I'm a string";
        printf("%s", rot13(string));
        getchar();
        return 0;
    }
    
    char* rot13(char* string)
    {
        unsigned int i, c, len = strlen(string);
        char ret[len];
        for (i=0; i < len; i++)
        {
            c = (int) string[i];
            if (c >= 65 && c <=77) c = c + 13;
            else if (c >= 78 && c <=90) c = c - 13;
            else if (c >= 97 && c <=109) c = c + 13; 
            else if (c >= 110 && c <=122) c = c - 13;
            ret[i] = (char) c;
        }
        return ret;
    }

  2. #2
    and the hat of int overfl Salem's Avatar
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    > Why this dosen't work?

    Well

    > unsigned int i, c, len = strlen(string);
    Your string length is too short - you don't count the \0 at the end

    > char ret[len];
    I dunno what you used to compile this, but C doesn't have variable length arrays

    > return ret;
    And you can't return a pointer to a local variable, since it no longer exists when the function exits.
    If you dance barefoot on the broken glass of undefined behaviour, you've got to expect the occasional cut.
    If at first you don't succeed, try writing your phone number on the exam paper.

  3. #3
    the magic penguim
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    So how would I return?

  4. #4
    Registered User
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    this is what i do

    Code:
    #include <stdio.h>
    
    char* rot13(char*);
    
    int main()
    {
        char string[] = "I'm a string";
        printf("%s", rot13(string));
        getchar();
        return 0;
    }
    
    char* rot13(char* string)
    {
         int i, c, len=0;
        
        for(;string[len]!='\0';len++);
       static char *ret;
       ret=malloc(len);
    
        for (i=0; string[i]!='\0'; i++)
        {
            c = (int) string[i];
            if (c >= 65 && c <=77) c = c + 13;
            else if (c >= 78 && c <=90) c = c - 13;
            else if (c >= 97 && c <=109) c = c + 13; 
            else if (c >= 110 && c <=122) c = c - 13;
            ret[i] = (char) c;
        }
        ret[i]='\0';
        return ret;
    }
    
    /*output:
    V'z n fgevat
    */
    s.s.harish

  5. #5
    ---
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    what is this doing?
    Code:
    for(;string[len]!='\0';len++);

  6. #6
    the magic penguim
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    I beleive it's checking if the string isn't empty... Thanks ssharis
    Last edited by lala123; 07-02-2005 at 08:48 PM.

  7. #7
    Slave MadCow257's Avatar
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    Why not something simpler, like this
    Code:
    #include <stdio.h>
    
    char* rot13(char*);
    
    int main()
    {
        char string[] = "I'm a string";
        printf("%s\n", rot13(string));
        getchar();
        return 0;
    }
    
    char* rot13(char* string)
    {
    	int counter = 0;
    	while (string[counter] != NULL)
    	{
    		string[counter] += 13;
    		counter++;
    	}
        return string;
    }

  8. #8
    and the hat of int overfl Salem's Avatar
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    Well all the answers are wrong.

    s.s.harish managed to post both a buffer overflow and a memory leak at the same time - classic.

    Madcow's answer mistakes NULL for '\0', and really doesn't implement rot13 at all (well it works on the first part of the alphabet, but not the second).
    If you dance barefoot on the broken glass of undefined behaviour, you've got to expect the occasional cut.
    If at first you don't succeed, try writing your phone number on the exam paper.

  9. #9
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    Code:
    s.s.harish managed to post both a buffer overflow and a memory leak at the same time - classic.
    i am veryy sorry for the wrong post salem. can u please tell me where i have gone wrong

    s.s.harish

  10. #10
    ... kermit's Avatar
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    Well I would have a look at the values you are using here

    Code:
    for(;string[len]!='\0';len++);
       static char *ret;
       ret=malloc(len);
    I don't see how you have done any better than the OP ie., you are not accounting for the '\0'

    And did you remember to free() your malloc'd memory?
    Last edited by kermit; 07-03-2005 at 06:25 AM.

  11. #11
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    well, the intention of this statment is to find the length of the string
    Code:
    for(;string[len]!='\0';len++);
    find the length of the string and allocate memory for the ret. what do u all thing about the above statment to find the length of the string rather than using strlen fucntion. which sometimes fails to return the proper length . please correct if i am wrong

    and it was a mistake that i havn't free'd the ret

    s.s.harish

  12. #12
    and the hat of int overfl Salem's Avatar
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    Code:
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h> /* for malloc */
    #include <string.h> /* for strlen */
    char* rot13(char*);
    
    int main(void)
    {
        char string[] = "I'm a string";
        char *answer = rot13(string);
        if ( answer != NULL ) {
          printf( "%s\n", answer );
          free( answer );
        }
        getchar();
        return 0;
    }
    
    char* rot13(char* string)
    {
      size_t len = strlen( string );   /* better than for(;string[len]!='\0';len++); */
      char  *ret = malloc ( len + 1 ); /* allow for the \0 as well, and no need for static */
    
      if ( ret != NULL ) {  /* always check malloc returns */
        int i;
        for (i=0; string[i]!='\0'; i++)
        {
          char c = string[i];
          /* character constants are more readable, but it still assumes ASCII */
          /* In EBCDIC for example, 'A' + 13 isn't even a character */
          if (c >= 'A' && c <='M') c = c + 13;
          else if (c >= 'N' && c <='Z') c = c - 13;
          else if (c >= 'a' && c <='m') c = c + 13;
          else if (c >= 'n' && c <='z') c = c - 13;
          ret[i] = c;
        }
        ret[i]='\0';
      }
      return ret;
    }
    Perhaps with the static thing, you were thinking of this?
    Code:
    char *foo ( void ) {
      static char aReturnableArray[10];
      strcpy( aReturnableArray, "hello" );
      return aReturnableArray;
    }
    > which sometimes fails to return the proper length . please correct if i am wrong
    I've never seen strlen() fail, unless it's because of some other mistake in the code.
    Besides, how do you think strlen() is implemented - pretty much the way you've implemented it, so if strlen() is flawed, then so is your code.
    If you dance barefoot on the broken glass of undefined behaviour, you've got to expect the occasional cut.
    If at first you don't succeed, try writing your phone number on the exam paper.

  13. #13
    ... kermit's Avatar
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    You have found the length of the string well enough - but like strlen() you only counted the chars in the string, but not the '\0', so you might as well have done:

    Code:
    foo = strlen(string);
    bar = malloc(foo + 1);  /* make room for '\0' */ 
    Last edited by kermit; 07-03-2005 at 06:21 AM.

  14. #14
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    thax very much for correcting me guys

  15. #15
    Registered User
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    Quote Originally Posted by Salem
    > char ret[len];
    I dunno what you used to compile this, but C doesn't have variable length arrays
    C99 allows it

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