I got segmentation fault at a[0]=1. May I know why is this so? I'm planning to use realloc instead of malloc because *a is a buffer which will be placed in a FOR loop and its size will constantly change.Code:int *a=NULL; realloc(a, sizeof(int *)); a[0] = 1;
Any help will be much appreciated!
Lastly, is there any good performance analysis tools in Linux that can measure cache misses, disk read, etc occuring in the program that I created?
You should be allocating the size of an integer, not the size of a pointer. You already have a pointer.
Although I really don't see the point of using realloc here instead of just using malloc.Code:int *ptr = realloc( ptr, sizeof( int ) * numberofintsyouwant ); ptr[0] = 1;
Quzah.
Hope is the first step on the road to disappointment.
if its going to be in a loop then use malloc once before the loop then use reallac in the loop.
Check out my reply here
http://cboard.cprogramming.com/showt...threadid=20302
1. Shows you that realloc returns a result
2. Avoids ptr=realloc(ptr,n), which is a really bad way of leaking memory if realloc fails
3. Shows one way of extending the amount allocated in blocks, rather than one at a time
4. Shows that an initial malloc isn't necessary, because ptr=realloc(NULL,n) is identical to malloc anyway.
> Lastly, is there any good performance analysis tools in Linux
Well first of all, you make sure your program is finished and working (it's a waste of time trying to do this before the program is finished). A complete program then acts as a baseline for optimisation.
Then you get some real-world data to play with (test data is both smaller, and selective, so it tells you nothing).
Then you use "gcc -pg prog.c" to compile your program, then the "gprof" program to analyse your program to see where all the time is spent.
Since you have a baseline, you can tell how effective any "improvements" were.
If you dance barefoot on the broken glass of undefined behaviour, you've got to expect the occasional cut.
If at first you don't succeed, try writing your phone number on the exam paper.
Thanks guys for the help! Especially to Salem, I use your code format and it can work! And GPROF is very useful. Thanks again man!
quzah, I use realloc(a, sizeof(int *)) and it worked for me. I don't know the difference between them, it shouldn't pose a problem for me right?
> it shouldn't pose a problem for me right?
It's the difference between being lucky and being right.
Using sizeof(int*) instead of sizeof(int) is down to being lucky, and that you probably get the same answer (say 4) on your machine.
If you had sizeof(big_struct*) where you actually meant sizeof(big_struct), you would rather rapidly become unlucky.
The best (and easiest) approach is to not refer to the type at all, but refer to what the variable points to. These do the same thing, use the variable to determine the size.
Code:int *p = malloc ( 10 * sizeof(p[0]) ); double *q = malloc ( 20 * sizeof *q );
If you dance barefoot on the broken glass of undefined behaviour, you've got to expect the occasional cut.
If at first you don't succeed, try writing your phone number on the exam paper.
fraziss, try this exercise, compile/analyze until you KNOW *int is bad, even though it works (but won't work for other datatypes like doubles and such).
Code:#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> struct Hello { int t; // 4 bytes double d; // 8 bytes float f; // 4 bytes }; int main(void) { struct Hello *Shello = malloc(1 * sizeof(*Shello)); /* Samething: struct Hello *Shello = malloc(1 * sizeof(struct Hello)); struct Hello *Shello = malloc(sizeof(struct Hello)); */ printf("Sizeof *Shello: %d\n", sizeof(*Shello)); //16 printf("Sizeof struct Hello: %d\n", sizeof(struct Hello)); //16 printf("Sizeof Shello: %d\n", sizeof(Shello)); //4 printf("Sizeof *struct Hello: %d\n", sizeof(struct Hello *)); //4 printf("Sizeof double: %d\n", sizeof(double)); //8 printf("Sizeof *double: %d\n", sizeof(double *)); //4 /* A pointer is always going to be 4 bytes because it is an integer. */ return 0; }
Well you could at least free what you allocate. Didn't we have this discussion before?
Try compiling as C instead of C++. This is not valid.Code:printf("Sizeof Shello: %d\n", sizeof(Shello)); //4
Quzah.
Hope is the first step on the road to disappointment.
I believe in 64 bit OSs, this is not true, correct me if I'm wrong, but I believe in 64 bit OSs, pointers are 8 byte values./*
A pointer is always going to be 4 bytes because it is an integer.
*/
Correct. There is nothing in the standard to my knowledge that states "a pointer must be 4 bytes". Furthermore, all of the blue comments proclaiming size are also not guarinteed values. It's just what happens to be the value for their compiler.Originally Posted by jverkoey
Quzah.
Hope is the first step on the road to disappointment.
I want my customers to have memory leaks! lol, no no I just keep forgetting, you've reminded me like 2-3 times . I'll write that on my board...now that it's in front of my face, I should remember next time! lol.....
I'm compiling as C, using gcc. I know I'm not compiling as C++ because I get errors when I try to import iostream, I think I'm using C99 or something relatively close.
I knew I was telling lies, but for most computers running today, it's 4 bytes.
I didn't know it was a compiler issue, I thought it was a language/system issue.
Last edited by Kleid-0; 01-24-2005 at 08:53 AM.
No.
Quzah.Code:#include<stdio.h> int main( void ) { struct foo { int x; } x; printf("The size of foo is %d.\n", sizeof( foo ) ); /* won't compile */ return 0; } /* ~/gcc -v gcc version 3.3.4 (Debian 1:3.3.4-13) ~/gcc -o incorrect incorrect.c -Wall -std=c99 incorrect.c: In function `main': incorrect.c:5: error: `foo' undeclared (first use in this function) incorrect.c:5: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once incorrect.c:5: error: for each function it appears in.) incorrect.c:4: warning: unused variable `x' */
Hope is the first step on the road to disappointment.
Code:#include<stdio.h> int main( void ) { struct foo { int x; } x; printf("The size of foo is %d.\n", sizeof( struct foo ) ); /* shall compile */ return 0; } /* Shiva:/home/kleid/Programming/Laboratory#gcc -v gcc version 3.3.5 (Debian 1:3.3.5-6) Shiva:/home/kleid/Programming/Laboratory#gcc correctCompile.c -std=c99 -Wall correctCompile.c: In function `main': correctCompile.c:3: warning: unused variable `x' */
Last edited by Kleid-0; 01-24-2005 at 06:13 PM.
Of course that compiles. I see the problem. I misread the origional name of your structure. Like so:
I though the name of your structure was "Shello", not the pointer name. In C++, this is legal:Code:printf("Sizeof Shello: %d\n", sizeof(Shello)); //4
I was thinking you'd used the name of the structure itself, rather than the instance. You can in C++, but not in C. My mistake.Code:struct Shello { int x; } instance; cout << "Shello is " << sizeof Shello << "\n";
That's why my sample code was the way it is.
Quzah.
Hope is the first step on the road to disappointment.
I see what you mean, I'm glad everything is ok now, I love these deep arguements, and sometimes I'm really way off. So I keep arguing until happiness is received! Amen!
