You can't do this in standard C as there is no kbhit() or similar function which scans the keyboard for key presses.
The stdin functions like getchar are line-based, they wait for the user to compose an entire line and only give input after he presses return.
Assuming you have a kbhit() it is easy;
Code:
char *text = "Text String Incremented".
int i = 0;
while(text[i] !=0)
{
if(kbhit()) // test for keyboard press - function may have different name on your platform
{
getchar(); // consume the character (may work differently on your platform
printf("%c", text[i]); // print out the letter
i++;
}
}