Write .ucf image into .ppm format

**in_ship** · 08-19-2012

Hi there!

I'm dealing with a very interesting problem today.
I'm given an image in .ucf format (Universal Communication Format), which is read by the following code snippet:

Code:

/*********************************************************/
/* UCFReadPic.c                                          */
/*********************************************************/

PIC UCFReadPic(infile)
FILE *infile;
{
   PIC temp;
   unsigned char byte1,byte2,byte3,byte4;

   /* getting Type from image data */

   fread(&byte1,sizeof(BYTE),1,infile);
   fread(&byte2,sizeof(BYTE),1,infile);
   fread(&byte3,sizeof(BYTE),1,infile);
   fread(&byte4,sizeof(BYTE),1,infile);
   temp.type= byte1*16777216+byte2*65536+byte3*256+byte4;
   switch (temp.type)
   {
      case 0xF10F:
      case 0xF200:
      case 0xF201:
      case 0xF204:
      case 0x0000:
      {  

        fread(&byte1,sizeof(BYTE),1,infile);
        fread(&byte2,sizeof(BYTE),1,infile);
        fread(&byte3,sizeof(BYTE),1,infile);
        fread(&byte4,sizeof(BYTE),1,infile);
        temp.maxX= byte1*16777216+byte2*65536+byte3*256+byte4;
        fread(&byte1,sizeof(BYTE),1,infile);
        fread(&byte2,sizeof(BYTE),1,infile);
        fread(&byte3,sizeof(BYTE),1,infile);
        fread(&byte4,sizeof(BYTE),1,infile);
        temp.maxY= byte1*16777216+byte2*65536+byte3*256+byte4;
        break;
      }
      case 0x8000:
      case 0x8001:
      case 0xB003:
      default  :
      {
        printf("****** Unknown image type *****\n");
        exit(1);
      }
   }

   if((temp.image=(BYTE*)calloc(temp.maxX*temp.maxY, sizeof(BYTE)))==NULL)
   {
      printf("***** NOT enough memory *****\n");
      exit(1);
   }

   fread(temp.image,sizeof(BYTE),temp.maxX * temp.maxY,infile);
   return(temp);
}

Unfortunately though, I am unable to open the .ucf format in any editor (Photoshop, GIMP, etc). Thus, I would like to build in a function, which writes this image into .ppm format (or any other format, which is readable by an editor).

Any ideas of how to proceed?

Thanks!

**laserlight** · 08-19-2012

Hmm... I notice rather outdated syntax:

Code:

PIC UCFReadPic(infile)
FILE *infile;
{

I suggest that you change the above code to:

Code:

PIC UCFReadPic(FILE *infile)
{

Anyway, you need to find out what is this PIC type and how to write it "into .ppm format (or any other format, which is readable by an editor)". Once you know that, it is a matter of calling this function then doing that with the return value.

**in_ship** · 08-19-2012

Originally Posted by laserlight

Hmm... I notice rather outdated syntax:

Code:

PIC UCFReadPic(infile)
FILE *infile;
{

I suggest that you change the above code to:

Code:

PIC UCFReadPic(FILE *infile)
{

Thanks for the remark - I just modified it accordingly!

I still have no idea what ucf is - I opened the image using 'vi' and the output says nothing to me at all.

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**laserlight** · 08-19-2012

Originally Posted by in_ship

I still have no idea what ucf is

You could always ask the person who gave you this file, and it may indeed be useful to know what it is. However, my point is that if the given function works as advertised, then you don't need to worry about what is the file format; you need to worry about what is the PIC type and how to use it.

Originally Posted by in_ship

I opened the image using 'vi' and the output says nothing to me at all.

Binary file format. You can get a sense that that is so just by looking at the implementation of UCFReadPic.

**kryptkat** · 08-19-2012

.ucf reader by epson
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epson salts again with 6.2 gb prog ! just to view a pic. meow !

**christop** · 08-19-2012

I would start by looking up the ppm file format, if you're not already familiar with it. Then I would see that the PIC image structure has everything needed to write a ppm image: maxX, maxY, and image. I would write all of those pieces of information to the ppm file and then see if the image looks correct when it's opened in an image viewer.

By the way, the ucf format appears to have a header consisting of type, width, and height, each a four-byte big-endian value. The header is then followed by the image data in an 8-bit pixel format. I'm not familiar with the ucf format, so I can't say whether those 8 bits represent grayscale, indexed, or "true color" data. Grayscale would be the easiest to write to a ppm file. Just write it in the pgm format, which is almost the same as ppm, except it takes grayscale pixel data instead of color pixel data.

**in_ship** · 08-19-2012

Originally Posted by christop

I would start by looking up the ppm file format, if you're not already familiar with it. Then I would see that the PIC image structure has everything needed to write a ppm image: maxX, maxY, and image. I would write all of those pieces of information to the ppm file and then see if the image looks correct when it's opened in an image viewer.

I this these three values can indeed be read. The code snippet above contains the following lines at the end:

Code:

fread(temp.image,sizeof(BYTE),temp.maxX * temp.maxY,infile);
return(temp);

I have been reading about the PPM format.
So, ideally, this is the snippet I would have to add to the preexisting lines of code:

Code:

fread(temp.image,sizeof(BYTE),temp.maxX * temp.maxY,infile);

-------- new code --------
// open new image file
FILE *fp = fopen("ppmimage.ppm", "wb");

if (!fp) {
   fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open file '%s'\n", filename);
   exit(1);
}

// write the header for pgm image format
fprintf(fp, "P6\n");


//image size
fprintf(fp, "%d %d\n",temp.maxX, temp.maxY);

// rgb component depth
fprintf(fp, "%d\n", 255);

// write image
fwrite(temp.image, sizeof(BYTE), temp.maxX *temp.maxY, fp);

fclose(fp);
 
-------- eoc --------


return(temp);

**christop** · 08-19-2012

The ppm format expects three bytes for each pixel (width * height * 3 bytes for a complete image), but you're writing only one byte per pixel (width * height bytes). As I mentioned in my last post, you could write it as a pgm file instead of ppm. Simply use P5 instead of P6 in the header.

I also wouldn't add code to the existing function (a function should do only one thing and do it well). It already returns a pointer to a PIC structure, so you can just as easily write a ppm file after calling UCFReadPIC.

**in_ship** · 08-20-2012

Originally Posted by christop

The ppm format expects three bytes for each pixel (width * height * 3 bytes for a complete image), but you're writing only one byte per pixel (width * height bytes). As I mentioned in my last post, you could write it as a pgm file instead of ppm. Simply use P5 instead of P6 in the header.

I also wouldn't add code to the existing function (a function should do only one thing and do it well). It already returns a pointer to a PIC structure, so you can just as easily write a ppm file after calling UCFReadPIC.

I do have a pgm version of the file already. I would like to see whether pgm and ppm match or not.

So, after heeding your advice; here goes my implementation

Code:

invocation from main.c
PIC pic1 = UCFReadPic(infile);
PPMWritePic(pic1);    

PPMWritePic.c
void PPMWritePic(PIC temp)

{
    
    // open new image file
    FILE *fp = fopen("ppmimage.ppm", "wb");
 
    if (!fp)
    {
           fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open file '%s'\n", filename);
           exit(1);
    }
 
    // write the header for ppm image format
    fprintf(fp, "P6\n");
  
    // image size
    fprintf(fp, "%d %d\n",temp.maxX, temp.maxY);
 
    // rgb component depth
    fprintf(fp, "%d\n", 255);
 
    // write image
    fwrite(temp.image, sizeof(BYTE), 3*temp.maxX*temp.maxY, fp);
 
    fclose(fp);

}

The resulting image contains 3x the original image (back-to-back) and the lower portion of it is just entirely black.

Here's the vim output:

vim ppmimage.ppm

P6
128 128
255
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @
"ppmimage.ppm" [noeol][converted] 7L, 68617C

Any ideas of what could have gone wrong here?

**christop** · 08-20-2012

Originally Posted by in_ship

Code:

    // write image
    fwrite(temp.image, sizeof(BYTE), 3*temp.maxX*temp.maxY, fp);

Yes. The memory at temp.image has only maxX*maxY bytes allocated to it, but you're writing 3 times that much to the ppm file. When I said that ppm takes 3 bytes per pixel, I meant that you would have to convert each byte in the original image to 3 bytes, whether it's by repeating a byte 3 times (easy), using a byte as an index into a colormap (which you would have to build beforehand), or splitting up the byte into 3 separate components (you would have to know how many bits each component has). It depends on what pixel format the UCF image uses, which you will need to find out. Start by repeating each byte 3 times (not by writing the complete image 3 times) because it's the easiest, and probably the most likely format used by UCF.

**in_ship** · 09-14-2012

Thanks for your help, christop!
The issue has been resolved now!

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