Well, your inability to use the OS is going to severely cramp your ability to program on it. You may find some tools (eg, an IDE) which will "replace" some of the immediate and inescapable needs for this, but then you've added a heavy layer of abstraction, learning the tool will probably take you just as long, and you will be stuck needing that tool to do things for you (which it will not save any time or effort, it will just require a different kind of effort) rather than knowing how to do them yourself.
Vis, text editors, just choose a basic GUI editor like "gedit" or "kate" for now. You don't have any experience coding yet, so it is absurd to start looking around for what will be the best thing for you for all time -- you have no way to judge for yourself. Google "linux GUI text editor" and find one you like. They're simple to use and later on, when you understand in more concrete terms what programming involves, you can start to think about more complex tools. So I would avoid stuff like "vim" or "emacs" initially, just like I would avoid an IDE.
Otherwise you are like the rich guy who shows up at that ski shop and says, "Sell me the best equipment, I need to learn to ski". It doesn't matter how much you spend at this point -- you will just end up with a bunch of veterans showing up trying to sell you what they use, which is very likely inappropriate and may even lead to additional difficulties. You're a beginner, be happy about it, but don't believe for a second than you can just skip the fundamentals because if someone tells you what "the best editor for writing C code" is this will help make your "C ability perfect". That means doing some work and learning, not shopping around for (even more) equipment* you can't use.
This is not something you need to waste more than 5 minutes thinking about. If I were you, I'd just start up gedit and get coding.
* by "even more" I refer to the fact that you said you were using linux because you heard it's a good platform to learn C on, and it is. But now you want to skip learning the basics of the OS that you already chose and installed so you can chose and install even more software -- that's an endless silly game -- you haven't bothered with what you already have, start there before you move on. Anything else is just foolishness. I'm sorry, but programming takes time, patience, and effort. Get used to it. There will be plenty of time to work on your wardrobe later.