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scanf man page
RETURN VALUES
These functions return the number of input items assigned,
which can be fewer than provided for, or even zero, in the
event of a matching failure. Zero indicates that, while
there was input available, no conversions were assigned;
typically this is due to an invalid input character, such
as an alphabetic character for a `%d' conversion. The
value EOF is returned if an input failure occurs before
any conversion such as an end-of-file occurs. If an error
or end-of-file occurs after conversion has begun, the num-
ber of conversions which were successfully completed is
returned.