Book example error?

I am reading through the pages of "Programming Windows, fifth edition" by Charles Petzold. I use Dev_c++ complier. I created a windows application and it created most of the basic windows stuff I wanted. Looking trhough the pages I saw an example program that creates a window and the text Hello Windows 98! is printed to the center of the created window. The code for it to do that is:

Code:

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProcedure (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    HDC          hdc;
    PAINTSTRUCT  ps;
    RECT         rect;
    
    switch (message)                  /* handle the messages */
    {
        case WM_PAINT:
             hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps);
             
             GetClientRect (hwnd, &rect);
             
             DrawText (hdc, TEXT("Hello!!!!!"), -1, &rect,
                      DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
             
             EndPaint (hwnd, &ps);
             return 0;
             
        case WM_DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage (0);       /* send a WM_QUIT to the message queue */
            break;
        default:                      /* for messages that we don't deal with */
            return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }

That is not exactly letter for letter I added a few things that Dev didn't have included...mainly the WM_PAINT stuff. But anyways that is what I have and I am getting an error message.

Code:

Permission denied
Id returned 1 exit status
[Build error] [Project1.exe] Error 1

Why isn't this working, what did I do wrong?

If this is all the code you have.. then you are in trouble..

You need to initialize and register a parent window.. set up a message loop.. and then your windows procedure (that you have posted above) then compile your code as a windows project and you will have success.

Here is all the code:

Code:

#include <windows.h>

/*  Declare Windows procedure  */
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProcedure (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

/*  Make the class name into a global variable  */
char szClassName[ ] = "WindowsApp";

int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hThisInstance,
                    HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                    LPSTR lpszArgument,
                    int nFunsterStil)

{
    HWND hwnd;               /* This is the handle for our window */
    MSG messages;            /* Here messages to the application are saved */
    WNDCLASSEX wincl;        /* Data structure for the windowclass */

    /* The Window structure */
    wincl.hInstance = hThisInstance;
    wincl.lpszClassName = szClassName;
    wincl.lpfnWndProc = WindowProcedure;      /* This function is called by windows */
    wincl.style = CS_DBLCLKS;                 /* Catch double-clicks */
    wincl.cbSize = sizeof (WNDCLASSEX);

    /* Use default icon and mouse-pointer */
    wincl.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wincl.hIconSm = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wincl.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wincl.lpszMenuName = NULL;                 /* No menu */
    wincl.cbClsExtra = 0;                      /* No extra bytes after the window class */
    wincl.cbWndExtra = 0;                      /* structure or the window instance */
    /* Use Windows's default color as the background of the window */
    wincl.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) COLOR_BACKGROUND;

    /* Register the window class, and if it fails quit the program */
    if (!RegisterClassEx (&wincl))
        return 0;

    /* The class is registered, let's create the program*/
    hwnd = CreateWindowEx (
           0,                   /* Extended possibilites for variation */
           szClassName,         /* Classname */
           "Windows App",       /* Title Text */
           WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, /* default window */
           CW_USEDEFAULT,       /* Windows decides the position */
           CW_USEDEFAULT,       /* where the window ends up on the screen */
           544,                 /* The programs width */
           375,                 /* and height in pixels */
           HWND_DESKTOP,        /* The window is a child-window to desktop */
           NULL,                /* No menu */
           hThisInstance,       /* Program Instance handler */
           NULL                 /* No Window Creation data */
           );

    /* Make the window visible on the screen */
    ShowWindow (hwnd, nFunsterStil);

    /* Run the message loop. It will run until GetMessage() returns 0 */
    while (GetMessage (&messages, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        /* Translate virtual-key messages into character messages */
        TranslateMessage(&messages);
        /* Send message to WindowProcedure */
        DispatchMessage(&messages);
    }

    /* The program return-value is 0 - The value that PostQuitMessage() gave */
    return messages.wParam;
}


/*  This function is called by the Windows function DispatchMessage()  */

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProcedure (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    HDC          hdc;
    PAINTSTRUCT  ps;
    RECT         rect;
    
    switch (message)                  /* handle the messages */
    {
        case WM_PAINT:
             hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps);
             
             GetClientRect (hwnd, &rect);
             
             DrawText (hdc, TEXT("Hello!!!!!"), -1, &rect,
                      DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
             
             EndPaint (hwnd, &ps);
             return 0;
             
        case WM_DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage (0);       /* send a WM_QUIT to the message queue */
            break;
        default:                      /* for messages that we don't deal with */
            return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }

    return 0;
}

I assumed I was only having problems with the WM_PAINT in the WinProc function, that is why it was the only part I posted. Most of the code is the code that the Dev-C++ compiler printed when I created a windows application.

Compiled fine for me.. using dev-cpp

compiler log:

Code:

Compiler: Default compiler
Building Makefile: "F:\Dev-Cpp\Makefile.win"
Executing  make...
make.exe -f "F:\Dev-Cpp\Makefile.win" all
g++.exe -c test.cpp -o test.o -I"F:/Dev-Cpp/lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.2/include"  -I"F:/Dev-Cpp/include/c++/3.4.2/backward"  -I"F:/Dev-

Ah, took me a while but I finally got it. I keep forgetting that when I do a windows application program and I save over something else it never compiles. I had to rename my project and the .cpp file for it to work correctly.

Code:

Permission denied
Id returned 1 exit status
[Build error] [Project1.exe] Error 1

This happens when an old version of the program (Project1.exe) is running in the background. Because of this, Dev-C++ (or other compilers) is unable to write over the exe file. To fix this, just open up task manager (Ctrl+Alt+Del -> Task Manager), right click on Project1.exe and kill it.

This is generally only a problem with Windows programs because they can run in the background with no window while console programs usually have a console.