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I'm trying to write a program that simply pings 127.0.0.1 until it is closed to learn more about raw sockets. For some reason, when I compile it in MSVC++ 2008, I get:
The code is:Code:1>------ Rebuild All started: Project: echo, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------ 1>Deleting intermediate and output files for project 'echo', configuration 'Debug|Win32' 1>Compiling... 1>echo.c 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(21) : warning C4244: 'return' : conversion from 'unsigned long' to 'unsigned short', possible loss of data 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(28) : error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before 'type' 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(29) : error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before 'type' 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(30) : error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before 'type' 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(31) : error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before 'type' 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(32) : error C2065: 'sin' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(32) : error C2224: left of '.sin_family' must have struct/union type 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(33) : error C2065: 'sin' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(33) : error C2224: left of '.sin_port' must have struct/union type 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(34) : error C2065: 'sin' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(34) : error C2224: left of '.sin_addr' must have struct/union type 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(35) : error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before 'type' 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(36) : error C2065: 'datagram' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(36) : warning C4022: 'memset' : pointer mismatch for actual parameter 1 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(38) : error C2065: 'one' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(39) : error C2065: 'val' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(39) : error C2065: 'one' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(39) : warning C4047: '=' : 'int' differs in levels of indirection from 'int *' 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(41) : error C2065: 'ipheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(41) : error C2223: left of '->headerlen' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(42) : error C2065: 'ipheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(42) : error C2223: left of '->version' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(43) : error C2065: 'ipheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(43) : error C2223: left of '->typeofservice' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(44) : error C2065: 'ipheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(44) : error C2223: left of '->length' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(45) : error C2065: 'ipheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(45) : error C2223: left of '->id' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(46) : error C2065: 'ipheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(46) : error C2223: left of '->offset' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(47) : error C2065: 'ipheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(47) : error C2223: left of '->TTL' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(48) : error C2065: 'ipheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(48) : error C2223: left of '->protocol' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(49) : error C2065: 'ipheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(49) : error C2223: left of '->checksum' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(50) : error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'ipheader' 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(50) : error C2065: 'ipheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(50) : error C2223: left of '->source' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(51) : error C2065: 'ipheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(51) : error C2223: left of '->destination' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(51) : error C2065: 'sin' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(51) : error C2224: left of '.sin_addr' must have struct/union type 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(53) : error C2065: 'icmpheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(53) : error C2223: left of '->type' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(54) : error C2065: 'icmpheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(54) : error C2223: left of '->code' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(55) : error C2065: 'icmpheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(55) : error C2223: left of '->checksum' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(56) : error C2065: 'icmpheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(56) : error C2223: left of '->id' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(57) : error C2065: 'icmpheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(57) : error C2223: left of '->sequence' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(59) : error C2065: 'ipheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(59) : error C2223: left of '->checksum' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(59) : error C2065: 'datagram' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(59) : error C2065: 'ipheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(59) : error C2223: left of '->length' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(59) : error C2198: 'csum' : too few arguments for call 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(60) : error C2065: 'icmpheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(60) : error C2223: left of '->checksum' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(60) : error C2065: 'datagram' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(60) : error C2065: 'ipheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(60) : error C2223: left of '->length' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(60) : error C2198: 'csum' : too few arguments for call 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(61) : warning C4047: 'function' : 'SOCKET' differs in levels of indirection from 'SOCKET (__stdcall *)(int,int,int)' 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(61) : warning C4024: 'setsockopt' : different types for formal and actual parameter 1 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(61) : error C2065: 'IP_HDRINCL' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(61) : error C2065: 'val' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(61) : warning C4047: 'function' : 'const char *' differs in levels of indirection from 'int' 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(61) : warning C4024: 'setsockopt' : different types for formal and actual parameter 4 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(61) : error C2065: 'one' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(65) : warning C4047: 'function' : 'SOCKET' differs in levels of indirection from 'SOCKET (__stdcall *)(int,int,int)' 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(65) : warning C4024: 'sendto' : different types for formal and actual parameter 1 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(65) : error C2065: 'datagram' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(65) : warning C4047: 'function' : 'const char *' differs in levels of indirection from 'int' 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(65) : warning C4024: 'sendto' : different types for formal and actual parameter 2 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(65) : error C2065: 'ipheader' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(65) : error C2223: left of '->length' must point to struct/union 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(65) : error C2065: 'sin' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(65) : warning C4047: 'function' : 'int' differs in levels of indirection from 'sockaddr *' 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(65) : warning C4024: 'sendto' : different types for formal and actual parameter 4 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(65) : error C2065: 'sin' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(65) : warning C4047: 'function' : 'const sockaddr *' differs in levels of indirection from 'unsigned int' 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(65) : warning C4024: 'sendto' : different types for formal and actual parameter 5 1>c:\documents and settings\wolf\desktop\projects\c\networking\raw sockets\echo\echo.c(65) : error C2198: 'sendto' : too few arguments for call 1>Build log was saved at "file://c:\Documents and Settings\Wolf\Desktop\Projects\C\Networking\Raw Sockets\echo\Debug\BuildLog.htm" 1>echo - 71 error(s), 15 warning(s) ========== Rebuild All: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 skipped ==========
Code:/* Remember: unsigned char - 1 byte (8 bits), unsigned short int - 2 bytes (16 bits) and unsigned int - 4 bytes (32 bits) */ #pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib") #include <stdio.h> #include <winsock2.h> #include "socket.h" unsigned short csum(unsigned short *buf, int nwords) { unsigned long sum; for(sum=0;nwords>0;nwords--) sum += *buf++; sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); sum += (sum >> 16); return ~sum; } int main() { WSADATA wsadata; WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsadata); char datagram[4096]; struct ipheader *ipheader = (struct ipheader *) datagram; struct icmpheader *icmpheader = (struct icmpheader *) datagram + sizeof(struct ipheader); struct sockaddr_in sin; sin.sin_family = AF_INET; sin.sin_port = htons(9466); sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); unsigned int *socket = WSASocket(PF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IP_PROTOCOL_ICMP, 0, 0, 0); memset(datagram, 0, 4096); one = 1; val = &one; ipheader->headerlen = 5; /* No payload */ ipheader->version = 4; /* IP version 4 */ ipheader->typeofservice = 0; /* No routing priority, no TOS */ ipheader->length = sizeof(struct ipheader) + sizeof(struct icmpheader); /* Remeber, no payload */ ipheader->id = 0xF00D; /* Value doesn't matter */ ipheader->offset = 0; /* No fragmentation */ ipheader->TTL = 128; /* Let's not use the max value XD */ ipheader->protocol = IP_PROTOCOL_ICMP; /* ICMP packet */ ipheader->checksum = 0 /* It should be set to 0 when we compute it */ ipheader->source = inet_addr("10.100.2.7"); /* Spoofed source, it's a reserved address */ ipheader->destination = sin.sin_addr.s_addr; /* Myself */ icmpheader->type = ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST; /* Self explanatory */ icmpheader->code = ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST_CODE; /* Again, self explanatory */ icmpheader->checksum = 0; /* See IP header checksum */ icmpheader->id = (unsigned short)GetCurrentProcessId(); /* I dunno. */ icmpheader->sequence = 0; /* Not in a sequence */ ipheader->checksum = csum((unsigned short *)datagram, ipheader->length >> 1); /* Calculate IP checksum, put in header */ icmpheader->checksum = csum((unsigned short *)datagram, ipheader->length >> 1); /* Do same for ICMP header */ setsockopt(socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, val, sizeof(one)); /* Tell Winsock we are supplying headers */ for(;;) /* For() ever */ { if(sendto(socket, datagram, ipheader->length, 0, (struct sockaddr *) &sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0); printf("\n Error"); } return(0); }
Code:/* Socket.h, by Wolf, to help working with raw sockets Remember: unsigned char - 1 byte (8 bits), unsigned short int - 2 bytes (16 bits) and unsigned int - 4 bytes (32 bits) */ /********************************************** IP Section **********************************************/ /* Protocols */ #define IP_PROTOCOL_ICMP 1 #define IP_PROTOCOL_TCP 6 #define IP_PROTOCOL_UDP 17 /* IP Header */ struct ipheader { unsigned char headerlen:4, version:4; /* Make each one 4 bits, headerlen is the ip header length in 32bit octets. Value of 5 for the hl means 20 bytes */ /* (5 * 4). values other than 5 only need to be set it the ip header contains options, version is 4 */ unsigned char typeofservice; /* Normal is 0x00 the first 3 bits stand for routing priority, the next 4 bits for the type of service */ unsigned short int length; /* total length of the ip datagram. this includes ip header, icmp or tcp or udp header and payload size in bytes. */ unsigned short int id; /* The ID sequence number is mainly used for reassembly of fragmented IP datagrams. If not fragmented, can be random */ unsigned short int offset; /* Used for reassembly of fragmented datagrams, first 3 bits fragment flags, 1st always 0, 2nd don't fragment bit, */ /* set by offset |= 0x4000 3rd the more fragments coming bit, set by offset |= 0x2000, next 13 bits are the fragment */ /* offset, containing the number of 8-byte big packets already sent. */ unsigned char TTL; /* Time To Live, kill counter decremented by one each hop. Max is 0xFF */ unsigned char protocol; /* Transport layer protocol, ICMP = 1, TCP = 6, UDP = 17 etc. */ unsigned short int checksum; /* Checksum for the whole datagram, self-explanatory */ unsigned int source; /* Source IP for the datagram */ unsigned int destination; /* Destination IP adderss for the datagram */ }; /********************************************* ICMP Section *********************************************/ /* ICMP Types */ #define ICMP_ECHO_REPLY 0 /* Two is reserved */ #define ICMP_DEST_UNREACHABLE 3 #define ICMP_SOURCE_QUENCH 4 #define ICMP_REDIRECT_MSG 5 #define ICMP_ALT_HOST_ADDR 6 /* Seven is reserved */ #define ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST 8 #define ICMP_ROUTER_ADVERTISEMENT 9 #define ICMP_ROUTER_SOLICIT 10 #define ICMP_TIME_EXCEEDED 11 #define ICMP_BAD_IP_HEADER 12 #define ICMP_TIMESTAMP_REQUEST 13 #define ICMP_TIMESTAMP_REPLY 14 #define ICMP_INFORMATION_REQUEST 15 #define ICMP_INFORMATION_REPLY 16 #define ICMP_ADDR_MASK_REQUSET 17 #define ICMP_ADDR_MASK_REPLY 18 /* Nineteen is reserved */ /* 20 - 29 are reserved */ #define ICMP_TRACEROUTE 30 #define ICMP_DATAGRAM_CONV_ERROR 31 #define ICMP_MOBILE_HOST_REDIRECT 32 #define ICMP_WHERE_ARE_YOU 33 #define ICMP_HERE_I_AM 34 #define ICMP_MOBILE_REG_REQUEST 35 #define ICMP_MOBILE_REG_REPLY 36 #define ICMP_DOMAIN_NAME_REQUEST 37 #define ICMP_DOMAIN_NAME_REPLY 38 #define ICMP_SKIP_DISCOVERY 39 #define ICMP_PHOTURIS_SEC_FAIL 40 #define ICMP_EXPERIMENTAL_PROTOCOL 41 /* 42 - 255 are reserved */ /* ICMP Codes */ #define ICMP_DEST_NETWORK_UNREACH 0 #define ICMP_DEST_HOST_UNREACH 1 #define ICMP_DEST_PROTOCOL_UNREACH 2 #define ICMP_DEST_PORT_UNREACH 3 #define ICMP_FRAG_REQUIRED 4 #define ICMP_SRC_ROUTE_FAILED 5 #define ICMP_DEST_NETWORK_UNKNOWN 6 #define ICMP_DEST_HOST_UNKNOWN 7 #define ICMP_SRC_HOST_ISOLATED 8 #define ICMP_NETWORK_ADMIN_PROHIBIT 9 #define ICMP_HOST_ADMIN_PROHIBIT 10 #define ICMP_NETWORK_UNREACH_TOS 11 #define ICMP_HOST_UNREACH_TOS 12 #define ICMP_COMMS_ADMIN_PROHIBIT 13 #define ICMP_SRC_QUENCH 0 #define ICMP_REDIR_DATAGRAM_NETWORK 0 #define ICMP_REDIR_DATAGRAM_HOST 1 #define ICMP_REDIR_DATAGRAM_NETWORK_TOS 2 #define ICMP_REDIR_DATAGRAM_HOST_TOS 3 #define ICMP_TTL_EXPIRED_TRANSIT 0 #define ICMP_FRAGMENT_REASM_TIMEOUT 1 #define ICMP_PTR_INDICATES_ERROR 0 #define ICMP_MISSING_REQUIRED_OPTION 1 #define ICMP_BAD_LENGTH 2 #define ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST_CODE 0 #define ICMP_ECHO_REPLY_CODE 0 /* ICMP Header */ struct icmpheader { unsigned char type; /* See ICMP types */ unsigned char code; /* Depends heavily on type. If unsure, set to 0 */ unsigned short int checksum; /* Same as IP header checksum */ unsigned short int id; /* Used it echo request or echo reply messages to ID the request */ unsigned short int sequence; /* Sequence number, if more than one is sent */ };
