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Yes. There may or may not be minor technical differences between the two terms, but here I mean them to be the same thing.

Yeah, except that in this case presenting pseudocode does not really make things clearer since the code itself already exists and is simple enough to analyse by inspection.

Anyway, I shall now...

Observe the i++; statement in val().

By the way, you should indent the code. The val function should also be forward declared with a void return type, and you should specify void as the parameter...