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I mostly take my guidance on fonts from Jon Hicks.
http://www.hicksdesign.co.uk/tag/typography/

Actually, I have to discourage you from doing that. Unless you actually test every single of these fonts, making sure that they fit into the layout and look good, you should leave the choice to the...

See if your distro has a "corefonts" package, it ought to contain Verdana, Tahoma, Courier New, Times New Roman, Arial and a few more.