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By that type of logic, it would not be a digital device either.

It would be composed of both analogue and digital devices, with ADC or DAC being part of the interface between devices.


No it...

That is called an "analogue to digital converter" (ADC). The reverse is a DAC.

In general, a digital system is just one that uses a discrete (discontinuous) set of values to represent...

On such an architecture, sizeof() could be 1 for all basic integral types (char, int, long, unsigned, etc) since the physical manifestation of a variable would be a single voltage line.
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It can't, since sizeof(char) is defined to be 1, and sizeof(any other complete type) is defined to a positive value.

But that's got nothing to do with there being a one-to-one relationship of...

It is common implementation choices that lead to the rule of thumb about sizeof(), not "fundamental mathematics" or laws of physics.

All that can be implied from the implementation limits is...

The C standard only talks about the ranges of values that can be represented. It does not make reference to sizeof() at all in discussing storage of a value in an integral (or any other) type.
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Not true. In practice it usually works out that sizeof(char) <= sizeof(short) <= sizeof(int) <= sizeof(long) <= sizeof(long long). However, that is not actually a requirement in the standard....