c++ help

hey, i have about 3 years experience in php so im no stranger to programming and the c++ syntax is not new to me at all. I have been dabbling in c++ here and there. anyway, i am making a program to calculate the amount of clicks needed to zero the scope on my airsoft gun (not a real gun). i just need to know if there is a function that could turn a negative number into a positive? also, there is a php manual that is basically an index of all php functions (http://www.php.net/manual/en/) i was wondering if there was a c++ equivalent or anything similar?

thanks for your time, evan

Quote:

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Originally Posted by evanr

i just need to know if there is a function that could turn a negative number into a positive? also, there is a php manual that is basically an index of all php functions (http://www.php.net/manual/en/) i was wondering if there was a c++ equivalent or anything similar?

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You probably want to do this...:

15 => -15

In PHP you can do like this..:

PHP Code:

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 <?php 
$i = 15;
$neg_i = -$i;
echo $neg_i;
?>

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In C++ there isn't much difference...

PHP Code:

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 #include <iostream> 
using namespace std;
 
int main()
{
int i = 15;
int neg_i = -i;
count << i;
return 0;
} 


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About functions list....

C++ is combined with libraries, so there is impossible for functions list like PHP does to exists...

Altough at this site (cprogramming.com) exists small, but often useful list: http://www.cprogramming.com/function.html

Well, there is std::abs(int) in the <cmath> header. cppreference.com is a decent reference. And, SGI has a good STL reference.

If you want a book with tangable pages, try the O'reilly "in a nutshell" series. I've done well with them for a few other languages. but not sure what the c++ version is like.

I'd definitely recommend dinkumware's C++ library reference and full index.

wow, thanks for the helpful info, my prog is working fine now...

Ah, I didnt know that worked publikum, thanks.

I've just been using: neg_i = i - i - i; (seems to work in all cases).

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Originally Posted by Dae

I've just been using: neg_i = i - i - i; (seems to work in all cases).

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Even for this you could use better way...:)

neg_i = i - 2*i ;)

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Originally Posted by publikum

Even for this you could use better way...:)

neg_i = i - 2*i ;)

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Thats not a better way, its a different way. :P Two operations are caried out either way, and the same amount of characters typed too.

However if the compiler is optimized and uses a bitshift for the multiplication part it might be a microsecond faster. But neg_i = -i; is definetly faster since ints just use the last bit to determine if its negative or not, so only that bit would have to be changed to turn it negative.

Actually, Dae, (perhaps I'm misunderstanding what you were saying, but) the two operations are not equivalent. If i is already negative, saying -i will make it positive. I'd say that your method for determining absolute negative value works well. Of course, the obvious solution is always available: #define ABS_NEG(x) ((x) < 0 ? (x) : -(x))

If you didn't know that -i worked, well, 0 - i would be better than i - i - i.

-i doesn't change just one bit, because while the last bit determines the sign, flipping it does not flip the sign. Usually, to flip the sign, you need to bitwise flip the integer and then increment. At least that's one way it can be done. Of course a processor might have an instruction that does this faster than bitwise flipping the integer and then incrementing, but I don't know anything about what instructions processors have.

Flipping the sign bit just adds 2^7 for chars, 2^15 for shorts, or 2^31 for longs to the number (or subtracts that amount if positive). Or in general, 2^(bitlength - 1)

This way of representing signed integers is interesting because it means that addition, subtraction, and multiplication can be done with the same algorithm for signed and unsigned values.

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Originally Posted by LuckY

Actually, Dae, (perhaps I'm misunderstanding what you were saying, but) the two operations are not equivalent. If i is already negative, saying -i will make it positive. I'd say that your method for determining absolute negative value works well. Of course, the obvious solution is always available: #define ABS_NEG(x) ((x) < 0 ? (x) : -(x))

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Yeah I dont think I meant that. By two operations I meant i - i - i vs i - 2 * i, in the first its two negative (-) operations on i, on the second its a negative (-) and a multiplication (*) operation. The operations may not be equivalent but they produce the same outcome. -i produces the same outcome too, but its definetly not going through the same procedure as the other ways to do it.

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If you didn't know that -i worked, well, 0 - i would be better than i - i - i.

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I forgot about that way, I've seen it and I believe used it once though. Thats probably what the compiler does for -i eh? seems like the best way to do it.

Quote:

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-i doesn't change just one bit, because while the last bit determines the sign, flipping it does not flip the sign. Usually, to flip the sign, you need to bitwise flip the integer and then increment. At least that's one way it can be done. Of course a processor might have an instruction that does this faster than bitwise flipping the integer and then incrementing, but I don't know anything about what instructions processors have.

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Oh I didnt know that. I just assumed thats how it was done since.. well.. that would make sense, but theres probably some incapability (or less efficiency) for doing it that way (in the details).

I didnt start this topic, but thanks for the info guys.. learning as I go along.

Some signed integer representations, and the popular two's complement representation.