vector virtualViaPointer -- Need help - one question

Hello Everyone,

I'm getting close. :) This code was compile using Dev-5-cpp and it will compile and run under VS-2008. I spend a lot of time piecing this code together and I have a lot of extra work to do in order to finish up.

I only have "one question" but it may take a minute to understand what I'm asking. Compile the program and go to this lines (use/copy paste/find). It's in two places and it's the ONLY question.


// I need an Extra virtual call to ***getBalance*** from the
// CHECKING_A::CHECKING_A. I need it to replace the call
// **checking_A.earnings()** below, which only return interest
// earned. I need the Balance which is $25.00 using virtual
// base-class reference or pointer. Thanks in advance


Thank you

Code:

---

// Processing derived-class obj ieach and poly using dynamic binding.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <ctime>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <Cstring>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <limits>          // numeric_limits needed by VC
#include <vector>

using namespace std;        // for iostream
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
using std::endl;
using std::vector;


using std::setprecision;    // for iomanip
using std::fixed;

// ............................................    cannot instantiate objects
// ............................................    ACCOUNT abstract base class
// ..................  pure virtual function makes ACCOUNT abstract base class
class ACCOUNT
{
public:
  ACCOUNT( const string & );

  void set_ID( const string & );
  string get_ID() const;


          void    credit    ( double );
          bool    debit      ( double );
          void    setBalance ( double );
          double  getBalance();
 
  virtual double earnings() const = 0;                  // pure virtual
  virtual void print() const;                            // virtual
private:
        double  balance;       
        string line_ID;
};
// ............................................ concrete with intent to override
// ............................................            derived from ACCOUNT
class SAVING_A : public ACCOUNT
{
public:
  SAVING_A( const string &, double = 0.0, double = 0.0 );

  void setInterestRate( double );
  double getInterestRate() const;

  void setBalance( double );
  double getBalance() const;

  virtual double earnings() const;
  virtual void print() const;
private:
  double balance;
  double interestRate;
};
// ............................................ concrete with intent to override
// ............................................            derived from ACCOUNT
class saving_B : public ACCOUNT
{
public:
  saving_B( const string &, double = 0.0, double = 0.0 );

  void setInterestRate( double );
  double getInterestRate() const;

  void setBalance( double );
  double getBalance() const;

  virtual double earnings() const;
  virtual void print() const;
private:
  double balance;
  double interestRate;
};
// ............................................ concrete with intent to override
// ............................................            derived from ACCOUNT
class CHECKING_A : public ACCOUNT
{
public:
  CHECKING_A( const string &, double = 0.0, double = 0.0 );

  void setInterestRate( double );
  double getInterestRate() const;

  void setBalance( double );
  double getBalance() const;

  virtual double earnings() const;
  virtual void print() const;
private:
  double balance;
  double interestRate;
};
// ............................................  derive from CommissionACCOUNT
// ..............................    keyword virtual signals intent to override
class checking_B : public CHECKING_A
{
public:
  checking_B( const string &,
                                double = 0.0, double = 0.0, double = 0.0 );
  void setCompoundInterest( double );
  double getCompoundInterest() const;

  virtual double earnings() const;                      //  intent 22 override
  virtual void print() const;                            //  intent 22 override
private:
  double compoundInterest;
};

// Process ACC derived-class objects individually & poly using dynamic binding
//----------------------------------------------------------      constructor
ACCOUNT::ACCOUNT( const string &_id_0 )
  : line_ID( _id_0 )
{
}
//----------------------------------------------------------              _id_0
void ACCOUNT::set_ID( const string &_id_0 )
{  line_ID = _id_0;  }

string ACCOUNT::get_ID() const
{  return line_ID;  }
//---------------------------------------------------------  not pure virtual
void ACCOUNT::print() const            // 
{
  cout << "\n" << get_ID();
}







// Process ACC derived-class objects individually & poly using dynamic binding
//----------------------------------------------------------      constructor
SAVING_A::SAVING_A(const string &_id_0, double initialBalance, double rate)
  : ACCOUNT( _id_0 ) 
{    setBalance( initialBalance );
    setInterestRate( rate );  }
//----------------------------------------------------------        InterestRate
void  SAVING_A::setInterestRate( double rate )
{      interestRate = ( ( rate > 0.0 && rate < 1.0 ) ? rate : 0.0 ); }
double SAVING_A::getInterestRate() const
{      return interestRate;  }
//----------------------------------------------------------            Balance
void SAVING_A::setBalance( double initialBalance )
{    balance = ( ( initialBalance < 0.0 ) ? 0.0 : initialBalance );  }
double SAVING_A::getBalance() const
{    return balance;  }
//--------------------------------------------- override pure virtual in ACCOUNT
double SAVING_A::earnings() const
{    return getInterestRate() * getBalance();  }
//-----------------------------------------------    reuse E abstract base-class
void SAVING_A::print() const
{  cout << "SAVING_A: ";
  ACCOUNT::print();
  cout << "\nBalance: " << getBalance()
      << "; iRate: " << getInterestRate();  }



// Process ACC derived-class objects individually & poly using dynamic binding
//----------------------------------------------------------        constructor
saving_B::saving_B(const string &_id_0, double initialBalance, double rate)
  : ACCOUNT( _id_0 ) 
{    setBalance( initialBalance );
    setInterestRate( rate );  }
//----------------------------------------------------------        InterestRate
void  saving_B::setInterestRate( double rate )
{      interestRate = ( ( rate > 0.0 && rate < 1.0 ) ? rate : 0.0 ); }
double saving_B::getInterestRate() const
{      return interestRate;  }
//----------------------------------------------------------            Balance
void saving_B::setBalance( double initialBalance )
{    balance = ( ( initialBalance < 0.0 ) ? 0.0 : initialBalance );  }
double saving_B::getBalance() const
{    return balance;  }
//--------------------------------------------- override pure virtual in ACCOUNT
double saving_B::earnings() const
{    return getInterestRate() * getBalance();  }
//-----------------------------------------------    reuse E abstract base-class
void saving_B::print() const
{  cout << "saving_B: ";
  ACCOUNT::print();
  cout << "\nBalance: " << getBalance()
      << "; iRate: " << getInterestRate();  }




//----------------------------------------------------------        constructor
CHECKING_A::CHECKING_A(const string &_id_0, double initialBalance, double rate)
  : ACCOUNT( _id_0 ) 
{    setBalance( initialBalance );
    setInterestRate( rate );  }
//----------------------------------------------------------        InterestRate
void  CHECKING_A::setInterestRate( double rate )
{      interestRate = ( ( rate > 0.0 && rate < 1.0 ) ? rate : 0.0 ); }
double CHECKING_A::getInterestRate() const
{      return interestRate;  }
//----------------------------------------------------------            Balance
void CHECKING_A::setBalance( double initialBalance )
{    balance = ( ( initialBalance < 0.0 ) ? 0.0 : initialBalance );  }
double CHECKING_A::getBalance() const
{    return balance;  }
//--------------------------------------------- override pure virtual in ACCOUNT
double CHECKING_A::earnings() const
{    return getInterestRate() * getBalance();  }
//-----------------------------------------------    reuse E abstract base-class
void CHECKING_A::print() const
{  cout << "CHECKING_A: ";
  ACCOUNT::print();
  cout << "\nBalance: " << getBalance()
      << "; iRate: " << getInterestRate();  }









//----------------------------------------------------------        constructor
 checking_B::checking_B( const string &_id_0, double initialBalance,
                                                  double rate, double BALANCE )
 : CHECKING_A( _id_0, initialBalance, rate ) 
 { setCompoundInterest( BALANCE );  }
//----------------------------------------------------------  CompoundInterest
 void checking_B::setCompoundInterest( double BALANCE )
 {    compoundInterest = ( ( BALANCE < 0.0 ) ? 0.0 : BALANCE );  }

 double checking_B::getCompoundInterest() const
 {    return compoundInterest;  }
//----------------------------------------------- override irtual in CHECKING_A
 double checking_B::earnings() const
 {    return getBalance() + CHECKING_A::earnings();  }

//-----------------------------------------------    reuse C abstract base-class
 void checking_B::print() const
 {                                              // cout checking_B is OVER-RIDED
    CHECKING_A::print();
//    cout << "; base BALANCE: " << getCompoundInterest();
      }










void virtualViaPointer_1( const ACCOUNT * const ); // prototype
void virtualViaReference_1( const ACCOUNT & );    // prototype

int main()
{
        int product;
        int quantity;
        double product1 = 23.84;
        double product2 = 13.5;
        double total = 0;



/////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////  step - 1
/////////////////////////////

cout
<< "\nProduct 1 =  $  " << product1
<< "\nProduct 2 =  $  " << fixed << setprecision( 2) << product2
<< endl << endl;


total = total + ( product1 + product2);
cout << total << endl << endl << endl;

total= 0;   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  cout << fixed << setprecision( 2 );

  // create derived-class objects
  SAVING_A saving_A( "SAVING_A:", 10500, .06 );
  saving_B saving_b( "saving_B:", 10500, .06 );
  CHECKING_A checking_A( "CHECKING_A:", 25, .06 );
  checking_B checking_b( "checking_B:", 25, .06 ); // , 300

// .........................................................................
// .........................................................................
  cout << " \n\n";
  cout << "                            processed using static binding:\n\n";

  saving_A.print();
  cout << "\nearned $" << saving_A.earnings() << "\n\n";
  saving_b.print();
  cout << "\nearned $" << saving_b.earnings() << "\n\n";
  checking_A.print();
  cout << "\nearned instrest $" << checking_A.earnings() << "\n\n";
  checking_b.print();
  cout << "\nearned combined $" << checking_b.earnings()
        << "\n\n"; 
 
 
 
    //  I need an Extra virtual call to ***getBalance*** from the
    //  CHECKING_A::CHECKING_A.  I need it to replace the call
    //  **checking_A.earnings()**  which only return instrest.   
    //  I need the Balance which is $25.00 .  By virtual base-class
    //  reference or pointer.        ......      Thanks in advance
 
  checking_A.print();
  cout << "\nearned instrest $" << checking_A.earnings() << "\n\n"; 
  cout << endl << endl;
 

// .........................................................................
// .........................................................................

  vector < ACCOUNT * > accounts( 4 );  // create vector of 4 base-class pointers

  accounts[ 0 ] = &saving_A;          // initialize vector with accounts
  accounts[ 1 ] = &saving_b;
  accounts[ 2 ] = &checking_A;
  accounts[ 3 ] = &checking_b;

// .........................................................................
// .........................................................................
  cout << "                            dyn-binding > base-class POINTERS:\n\n";
  for ( size_t i = 0; i < accounts.size(); i++ )
      virtualViaPointer_1( accounts[ i ] );
// .........................................................................
// .........................................................................
  cout << "                            virtual -- base-class references :\n\n";
  for ( size_t i = 0; i < accounts.size(); i++ )   
      virtualViaReference_1( *accounts[ i ] ); // note dereferencing



/////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////  step - 2
/////////////////////////////
    //  THIS IS THE GOAL by means given here and above...
    //  I need an Extra virtual call to ***getBalance*** from the
    //  CHECKING_A::CHECKING_A.  I need it to replace the call
    //  **checking_A.earnings()**  which only return instrest.   
    //  I need the Balance which is $25.00 .  By virtual base-class
    //  reference or pointer.        ......      Thanks in advance

        cout << "Account 1 balance: $25.00 : " << checking_A.earnings()  << endl;
        cout << "Enter an amount to withdraw from Account 1: ";

        while (!(cin >> product))
{
            cout << "\nPlease enter ( 1 - 5 ) or to EXIT type -1\n\n" << endl;
            cin.clear();
                cin.ignore(std::numeric_limits<std::streamsize>::max(), '\n');
                cout << "Enter product number 1 - 5 : ";
}

/////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////  step - 3
/////////////////////////////

                      while ( product != -1 )
                      {
                                      switch ( product )
                                  {
                                              case 1:
                                                    cout << "\n\nEnter quantity sold1 1 : ";
                                                    cin >> quantity;
                                        cout << endl;

                                                    total = total + ( product1 * quantity );
                                                    break;

                                              case 2:
                                                    cout << "\n\nEnter quantity sold 2 : ";
                                                    cin >> quantity;
                                        cout << endl;

                                                    total = total + ( product2 * quantity );
                                                    break;

                                              case 3:
                                                    cout << "\n\nEnter quantity sold 3 : ";
                                                    cin >> quantity;
                                        cout << endl;

                                                    total = total + ( product2 * quantity );
                                                    break;

                                              case 4:
                                                    cout << "\n\nEnter quantity sold 4 : ";
                                                    cin >> quantity;
                                        cout << endl;

                                                    total = total + ( product2 * quantity );
                                                    break;

                                              case 5:
                                                    cout << "\n\nEnter quantity sold 5 : ";
                                                    cin >> quantity;
                                        cout << endl;

                                                    total = total + ( product2 * quantity );
                                                    break;

                                      case '\n':
                                      case '\t':
                                      case ' ':
                        break;

                            default: // catch any other characters
              cout << "\nPlease enter ( 1 - 5 ) or to EXIT type -1\n\n" << endl;
                        break;
                              }
/////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////  step - 4
/////////////////////////////  Pick up from "quanity sold" == ERROR correction

          cout << "Enter product number 1 - 5 : ";

  while (!(cin >> product))
 {
        cout << "Incorrect entry:  Try again\n" << endl;
        cin.clear();

        cin.ignore(std::numeric_limits<std::streamsize>::max(), '\n');

        cout << "Enter product number 1 - 5 : ";
 } //endWHILE

/////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////  step - 5
/////////////////////////////

        }
          cout << "\n\n\nT O T A L :    $" << fixed << setprecision( 2 )
                    << total << endl<< endl<< endl;






  cout << endl;
  cout << endl;
  cout << endl; 
 
system("pause");
system ("CLS");
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//              base-class pointer using dynamic binding
void virtualViaPointer_1( const ACCOUNT * const baseClassPtr )
{
  baseClassPtr->print();
  cout << "\n  earned $" << baseClassPtr->earnings() << "\n\n";
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//            base-class reference using dynamic binding
void virtualViaReference_1( const ACCOUNT &baseClassRef )
{
  baseClassRef.print();
  cout << "\n      earned $" << baseClassRef.earnings() << "\n\n";
}









///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//              base-class pointer using dynamic binding
void virtualViaPointer2( const ACCOUNT * const baseClassPtr )
{
  baseClassPtr->print();
//  cout << "\n  combined $" << baseClassPtr->combine() << "\n\n";
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//            base-class reference using dynamic binding
void virtualViaReference2( const ACCOUNT &baseClassRef )
{
  baseClassRef.print();
//  cout << "\n      combined $" << baseClassRef.combine() << "\n\n";
}

---

The question appears to be: you are calling earnings(), but you want the balance instead. So why not call getBalance() instead of earnings()?

Don't ask us to compile your code. Many of us on here usually spot bugs without ever compiling the posted code, and we'll only go that far if we have to. Of course if we have to then many of us will just move along to the next thread. I only compile code on here if I find the topic particularly interesting.

In this instance I could surely help if I only understand precisely what you were having problems with. Don't say "I need to do xxx", just do it, and then tell us what prevented you from achieving what you were trying to do, including exact error messages.

Quote:

---

tabstop wrote: The question appears to be: you are calling earnings(), but you want the balance instead. So why not call getBalance() instead of earnings()?

---

What a great answer! One thing I never got a handle on and that was trying to create user interactions in a console app example that had none. So all last semester long I sent in half done projects.

Sure, it's easy when switch-case was the example and came build-in. That was a single project, months ago. Never had or saw another with user input since the first three weeks of C++ with switch-case being the only one that seems to be easily re-use somehow. Since joining that been the bulk of my stupid questions, but I never understood the clues until now. Soon I be able to fix the code I posted as promise.

After all of these months I finally figured out how to insert my old switch-case project into this one and I was scare to death that I might mess something up in the main psrt of the program where only 85% was clear, that leave 15% for a big booboo. I tried many ways before I posted the question. I tried only once this time after I read your reply. WoW! I did the right thing finally.

Thanks tabstop



Hello iMalc,

I thought it was bad to ask someone to run your pre-compile program. I didn't know it apply to source code. If it's a complete one page source and I wanted to help, I would look it over than compile it anyway so that was very foolish and a backward thing to ask. Sorry about that.

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by sharris

What a great answer! One thing I never got a handle on and that was trying to create user interactions in a console app example that had none. So all last semester long I sent in half done projects.

---

So I hope, for your sake, that you're in the same class again, rather than somehow taking the next class along.

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by sharris

I tried many ways before I posted the question. I tried only once this time after I read your reply. WoW! I did the right thing finally.

---

This is ... I don't know what this is. Do you not know what your own functions do? Or if these functions are handed down from your instructor (which from the comments seem somewhat unlikely) did you not read them closely enough to see what they are? This is a good opportunity for introspection: How do you find yourself in a situation where you say "I need to report the balance of a checking account. I can have the checking account do getInterestRate, getBalance, or earnings. I think I'll choose earnings!"? The answer to that question probably won't be pretty, but it's best to be honest with yourself now, and fix it now; for the passing grades-handed-out-like-candy won't last forever.

The problem was solved. ... and YES I do know what my function does from top to bottom but I got lost doing my own thing. I base my code off many standard examples but I NEVER use the instructor sample-code provided. Sometime I get confuse than lost in my own version of the code. We all make mistakes. 16 weeks don't make me expert but I to EARN what I get. a (B) that should have been an (A) was not bad for a newbe. I do a ton of other computer work as I go.

Now I remember why I post... I was using a typo to call with for hours and did not realize it so than started ripping things apart, than I post because I could not find an answer. I was lost.

PS: YES I'm in the same C++ class with the same instrutor and it was two only project that needed usr-input that drop my grade to a B. I did not feel like going into. All I am saying is I finally see the light all because of one silly mistake.

Bye

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by sharris

The problem was solved. ... and YES I do know what my function does from top to bottom but I got lost doing my own thing. I base my code off many standard examples but I NEVER use the instructor sample-code provided. Sometime I get confuse than lost in my own version of the code. We all make mistakes. 16 weeks don't make me expert but I to EARN what I get. a (B) that should have been an (A) was not bad for a newbe. I do a ton of other computer work as I go.

Now I remember why I post... I was using a typo to call with for hours and did not realize it so than started ripping things apart, than I post because I could not find an answer. I was lost.

PS: YES I'm in the same C++ class with the same instrutor and it was two only project that needed usr-input that drop my grade to a B. I did not feel like going into. All I am saying is I finally see the light all because of one silly mistake.

Bye

---

So, perhaps the lesson here is to not take the "Bull in a china shop" approach, in future.

With a "typo" in your code it should not have compiled and your compiler should have been telling you why it didn't compile... probably even giving you a line number and/or the name of the function where the error is. This is valuable information that should not be ignored because it should lead you directly to your errors.

If programming has taught me nothing else, it has taught me to take a slow and careful approach to problem solving...

Quote:

---

So, perhaps the lesson here is to not take the "Bull in a china shop" approach, in future.

---

I always try to do all the exXX_XX.cpp projects, than I combine stuff from each project. By time the instructor post the sorce code to use I'm in too deep, so I try to relate the instructor files to the other files that are suppose to be related for that weeks assignment. So I should not say never... It just be too late for me to dump some good work that is suppose to be related in the first place. If not, I try hard to fill-in the missing pieces and that can be tough sometimes but when I turn it in the instructor, he knows instantly that I went a mile deeper into matter of the project and he don't deduct points because my code is written differently than the sample-source ... I usually come up with a few extra interesting function to replace the original sample. I'll be on this base-class pointer and reference using dynamic binding for months to come because I plan to understand every thing about it. but now I will miss something in detail maybe next week. If not, I'll forget it..

Quote:

---

With a "typo" in your code it should not have compiled and your compiler should have been telling you why it didn't compile... probably even giving you a line number and/or the name of the function where the error is. This is valuable information that should not be ignored because it should lead you directly to your errors.

---

I'm studing Linux, FreeBSD, Web Administration, Web Programming, C++, Java and FASM. It's hard not to make a mistake every now and than. I said "typo", but it was not a typo. I was making a call using the wrong variable which return a zero, than somehow I got confused and I lost my cool .

Quote:

---

If programming has taught me nothing else, it has taught me to take a slow and careful approach to problem solving...

---

I'm usually so careful it takes me an extra month to play with any function/program that I really want to learn more about and years for FASM and I never made a mistake with it that could not be found in minutes to recover, so I totally agree! But one thing for sure I rather be writing or vewing or searching code than writing this post.