CreateDevice returning D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE

Could someone just take a look at this. I'm following Introduction to 3D Game Programming With Direct3D9 and I've whipped up this class to manage initialisation of Direct3D, but for some reason I'm getting D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE returned from CreateDevice(). I've looked it up on MSDN but "This device does not support the queried technique." doesn't help much.

I've tried using D3DDEVTYPE_REF and D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING but nothing seems to make it work. What the hell am I doing wrong?

D3DManager.h

Code:

#pragma once

/* D3DManager
 */
#include <d3d9.h>
#include <iostream>

// TODO: Make this a singleton?
class D3DManager {
public:
    D3DManager();
    ~D3DManager();

    bool Initialise(HWND hWnd, D3DDEVTYPE deviceType, int bbWidth, int bbHeight, bool windowed);

private:
    IDirect3D9*         d3d9;
    IDirect3DDevice9*   d3dDevice;
    DWORD               vertProcessing;

};

D3DManager.cpp

Code:

#include ".\d3dmanager.h"

D3DManager::D3DManager()
{
    d3d9 = 0;
    d3dDevice = 0;
    vertProcessing = 0;
}

D3DManager::~D3DManager()
{
}

/* Initialise
 */
bool D3DManager::Initialise(HWND hWnd, D3DDEVTYPE deviceType, int bbWidth, int bbHeight, bool windowed)
{
    D3DCAPS9 caps;
    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
    HRESULT hr = 0;

    d3d9 = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
    if (! d3d9) return false;

    d3d9->GetDeviceCaps(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, deviceType, &caps);

    // Determine whether or not we can use hardware vertex processing (perferred)
    if (caps.DevCaps & D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT)
        vertProcessing = D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
    else
        vertProcessing = D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;

    ZeroMemory(&caps, sizeof(D3DCAPS9));

    // Fill out the D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS structure
    d3dpp.BackBufferCount = 1;                                  // Single backbuffer
    d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8;                   // 8bits for ARGB
    d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = bbHeight;                          // back buffer height
    d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = bbWidth;                            // back buffer width
    d3dpp.MultiSampleType = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE;                // No AA. TODO: Make this a parameter
    d3dpp.MultiSampleQuality = 0;                               // Zero quality
    d3dpp.Flags = 0;                                            // Zero flags
    d3dpp.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = D3DPRESENT_RATE_DEFAULT; // Use current refresh rate
    d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hWnd;                                 // Window handle
    d3dpp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE; // Immediate back buffer presentation
    d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;                   // Discard previous back buffer contents
    d3dpp.Windowed = windowed;                                  // Run windowed (or not)

    // Create the device
    hr = d3d9->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, deviceType, hWnd, vertProcessing, &d3dpp, &d3dDevice);
    //if (FAILED(hr)) {
    //    char msg[256] = {0};
    //    sprintf(msg, "D3DManager::Initialise: CreateDevice() Failed (%d)", GetLastError());
    //    ::MessageBox(0, msg, "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR | MB_TASKMODAL);
    //    return false;
    //}

    switch (hr) {
        case D3DERR_DEVICELOST:
            ::MessageBox(0, "Device lost?!?", "Error", 0);
            return false;
        case D3DERR_INVALIDCALL:
            ::MessageBox(0, "Invalid call", "Error", 0);
            return false;
        case D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE:
            ::MessageBox(0, "Not available", "Error", 0);
            return false;
        case D3DERR_OUTOFVIDEOMEMORY:
            ::MessageBox(0, "Out of video mem", "Error", 0);
            return false;
        default:
            return false;
    }

    return true;
}

I've decided to really knuckle down with Direct3D now I've got ~15 weeks with nothing to do.

I glanced at it and didn't see anything wrong. Maybe try a different back buffer format, that's the only thing I could think of at this point. I'll look it over again later.

>>"This device does not support the queried technique."

Meaning, your Video Card doesnt support the feature(s) you requested of it. It could be anything; Your buffer format, your resolution, etc. Try decreasing every setting to its lowest possible value and try again.

ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS));

I'm with Mr. Wizard. You probably have some erroneous value in the D3DPRESENT_PARAMETETERS structure that is causing the issue.

Always make it a practice to zero out the structures if you are not specifically intializing them with some known value PRIOR to passing it to Direct3D calls.

Hmm I got it working and sort of did something cool but stupid at the same time. Observe:

http://www.ahluka.co.uk/ooo_blood_money.jpg

That, if I'm not mistaken, is the remains of the game of Hitman: blood money that I've just finished playing. Woot.

But why?

Code:

/*
 * d3d
 */
#include <windows.h>
#include "GFXBase.h"
//#include <d3d9.h>
#include <d3dx9.h>
#include "D3DManager.h"

D3DManager* d3dm = 0;

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
void Render(float timeDelta);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
    GFXBase* gfxBase = GFXBase::CreateInstance();
    MSG msg;
    HWND hWnd = 0;
    bool done = false;
    static float lastTime = (float) timeGetTime();
    float currTime;
    float timeDelta;

    d3dm = new D3DManager;

    hWnd = gfxBase->NewWindow(hInstance, WndProc, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, "d3d", "d3d", 0, 0, 640, 480);
    if (! hWnd) {
        ::MessageBox(0, "GFXBase::NewWindow failed", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR | MB_TASKMODAL);
        gfxBase->DestroyWindow();
        GFXBase::FreeInstance();
        return 1;
    }

    if (! d3dm->Initialise(hWnd, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, 640, 480, true)) {
        ::MessageBox(0, "D3DManager::Initialise failed", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR | MB_TASKMODAL);
        return 1;
    }

    ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
    SetFocus(hWnd);
    UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));
    while (! done) {
        if (PeekMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) {
            if (msg.message == WM_QUIT) done = true;
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        } else {
            currTime = (float) timeGetTime();
            timeDelta = (currTime - lastTime) * 0.001f;

            Render(timeDelta);

            lastTime = currTime;
        }
    }

    gfxBase->DestroyWindow();
    GFXBase::FreeInstance();
    delete d3dm;
    return msg.wParam;
}

void Render(float timeDelta)
{
    if (d3dm->VerifyDevice()) {
        d3dm->GetDevice()->Clear(0, 0, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, 0x00000000, 1.0f, 0);
        d3dm->GetDevice()->Present(0, 0, 0, 0);
    }
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (uMsg) {
        case WM_CLOSE:
            DestroyWindow(hWnd);
            break;
        case WM_DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            break;
        default:
            return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }

    return 0;
}

EDIT: Actually, I lie. I just realised that's my desktop wallpaper. Coincidence that I'd just stopped playing BM, but still, why?