Incorrect Window made with D3D

Hi, I'm just trying to make a simple window with Direct3D 9. I get no errors, but the window made isn't a valid window. It's just a window that is always the same size, and any key exits (Not just escape) Here is the code without the resource and header files.

Windows.cpp

Code:

// INCLUDES ///////////////////////////////////////////////

#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN  

#include "header.h"

// GLOBAL VARIABLES ///////////////////////////////

HWND g_hwnd                     = NULL; // save the window handle

LPDIRECT3D9 g_pD3D              = NULL; // Direct3D 9 interface object pointer
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 g_pd3dDevice  = NULL; // Direct3D 9 rendering component pointer


const char g_szClassName[] = "myWindowClass";

// Step 4: the Window Procedure
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	switch(msg)
	{
        case WM_KEYDOWN:
        {
             switch(wParam)
             {
                           case VK_ESCAPE:
                                PostQuitMessage(0);
                                break;
             }
        }
        
		case WM_CLOSE:
			DestroyWindow(hwnd);
		break;
		case WM_DESTROY:
			PostQuitMessage(0);
		break;
		default:
			return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
	}
	return 0;
}

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
	LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
	WNDCLASSEX wc;
	MSG Msg;

	//Step 1: Registering the Window Class
	wc.cbSize		 = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
	wc.style		 = 0;
	wc.lpfnWndProc	 = WndProc;
	wc.cbClsExtra	 = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra	 = 0;
	wc.hInstance	 = hInstance;
	wc.hIcon		 = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_DIRECTX_ICON);
	wc.hCursor		 = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
	wc.lpszMenuName  = NULL;
	wc.lpszClassName = g_szClassName;
	wc.hIconSm		 = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_DIRECTX_ICON);

	if(!RegisterClassEx(&wc))
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, "Window Registration Failed!", "Error!",
			MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK);
		return 0;
	}

	// Step 2: Creating the Window
	g_hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
		WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE,
		g_szClassName,
		WINDOW_TITLE,
		WS_POPUP | WS_SYSMENU | WS_VISIBLE,
		0, 0, WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT,
		NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

	if(g_hwnd == NULL)
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, "Window Creation Failed!", "Error!",
			MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK);
		return 0;
	}

	ShowWindow(g_hwnd, nCmdShow);
	UpdateWindow(g_hwnd);

    // perform all game console specific initialization
    init();

    // enter main event loop
    while(1)
	{
	        if (PeekMessage(&Msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE))
		    { 
               // test if this is a quit
               if (Msg.message == WM_QUIT)
               break;
	
		       // translate any accelerator keys
		       TranslateMessage(&Msg);

		       // send the message to the window proc
		       DispatchMessage(&Msg);
		     } // end if
    
             // main game processing goes here
             render();

	} // end while

    // shutdown game and release all resources
    shutdown();

    // return to Windows like this
    return(Msg.wParam);

} // end WinMain

Directx.cpp

Code:

#include "header.h"

void init()
{
    g_pD3D = Direct3DCreate9( D3D_SDK_VERSION );

	if( g_pD3D == NULL )
	    return;

    D3DDISPLAYMODE d3ddm;

    if( FAILED( g_pD3D->GetAdapterDisplayMode( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, &d3ddm ) ) )
	    return;

	HRESULT hr;

	if( FAILED( hr = g_pD3D->CheckDeviceFormat( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, 
												d3ddm.Format, D3DUSAGE_DEPTHSTENCIL,
												D3DRTYPE_SURFACE, D3DFMT_D16 ) ) )
	{
		if( hr == D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE )
			// POTENTIAL PROBLEM: We need at least a 16-bit z-buffer!
			return;
	}

	//
	// Do we support hardware vertex processing? if so, use it. 
	// If not, downgrade to software.
	//

	D3DCAPS9 d3dCaps;

	if( FAILED( g_pD3D->GetDeviceCaps( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, 
		                               D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &d3dCaps ) ) )
               return;

	DWORD dwBehaviorFlags = 0;

	if( d3dCaps.VertexProcessingCaps != 0 )
		dwBehaviorFlags |= D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
	else
		dwBehaviorFlags |= D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;

	//
	// Everything checks out - create a simple, windowed device.
	//

	D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
	memset(&d3dpp, 0, sizeof(d3dpp));

    d3dpp.BackBufferFormat       = d3ddm.Format;
	d3dpp.SwapEffect             = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
	d3dpp.Windowed               = TRUE;
    d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = TRUE;
    d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;
    d3dpp.PresentationInterval   = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;

    if( FAILED( g_pD3D->CreateDevice( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, g_hwnd,
                                      dwBehaviorFlags, &d3dpp, &g_pd3dDevice ) ) )
             return;
}

void shutdown()
{
    if( g_pd3dDevice != NULL )
        g_pd3dDevice->Release();

    if( g_pD3D != NULL )
        g_pD3D->Release();
}

void render()
{
    g_pd3dDevice->Clear( 0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER,
                         D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f), 1.0f, 0 );

    g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene();

	// Render geometry here...

    g_pd3dDevice->EndScene();

    g_pd3dDevice->Present( NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL );
}

Thanks for the help.

You need a break statement for "case WM_KEYDOWN":

Code:

switch(msg)
{
    case WM_KEYDOWN:
    {
         switch(wParam)
         {
                       case VK_ESCAPE:
                            PostQuitMessage(0);
                            break;
         }
    }
    //here

    ....
}

It's just a window that is always the same size

I'm not totally sure what you mean here; I'm able change the window's size by changing WINDOW_WIDTH and WINDOW_HEIGHT.

If you mean you want to resize the window while it's on-screen, I think the right style of window is WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW. That will add a caption, border, maximize/close buttons, etc.
In the code:

Code:

g_hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
        WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE,
        g_szClassName,
        "hello",
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, //<--
        0, 0, 800, 600,
        NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

Ok, the break could be the problem thanks.

About the window style, I read a tutorial where it said this was mandatory (WS_POPUP | WS_SYSMENU | WS_VISIBLE) for Direct3D to work? Is that false, can the WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW be used?

The window that was being made was just a black box in the corner of the screen, without any sort of border. (I'm assuming the styles I had were the cause of this)

Is that false, can the WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW be used?

Indeed.

Maybe the tutorial was implying that WS_POPUP | WS_VISIBLE will get you the minimum that's required for Direct3D?

Well, that did the trick. Thanks so much for the help!

On a side note I would specifically assign a value to each member of D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS so it is clear in the code what you are doing instead of relying on zeroes set by the ZeroMemory() function. It will make your code more clear and could avoid future bugs related to this structure.

So VirtualAce, your saying I should assign 0's myself in case ZeroMemory doesn't do so? And if the value shouldn't be 0, ZeroMemory will change it.

ZeroMemory only zeroes out each member of the struct. This does not mean that your final presentation config in the struct will be accurate. Windowed and full-screen modes require specific configurations and so it is best to specifically set each member so it is clear from the code what you are doing. I recommend doing this for all structures you may encounter ...especially for Win32 structures. Zeroing out structures is only half the problem b/c some methods may not work correctly if you do not set the structure data members to the correct values. It is a simple thing to remember and could hide potentially nasty bugs later.

Ok, but what exactly would I be filling in the structures with? Data regarding the window?