having trouble using loops

Hi guys

I am trying to write a program that uses a loop to display the characters for ASCII codes 0 through 127. But the catch is 16 characters are to be displayed on each line.

I have tried working on this program numerous time but haven't gone anywhere yet. any suggestions

Sure, make a normal loop and check for modulus loop variable 16 is equal to 0, and if so, print a newline.
In the loop, just print the ASCII character.

Hay thanks for ur help. But can you add more details since i am still a noob in C++ .

Do i have to use 2 loops.. one loop inside the other ?

Sample code:

Code:

for (int i = 0; i <= 127; i++)
{
	if (i &#37; 16 == 0) // This is true only once every 16 loops, when i is dividable by 16 with no rest (ie a whole number, not 2.7897535...)
	{
		// Print a newline
	}
	// Print your character
}

ok here what i wrote

Code:

int main()
{

char a =0;
int i;


for (int i = 0; i <= 127; i++)
{
	if (i &#37; 16 == 0) 
	{
		cout<<endl;
		i=a;
	}
	cout<<a;
}





return 0;


}

and i am getting the following error message

multiple declartion of i in the fuction main.

Originally Posted by wolverine12345

ok here what i wrote

Code:

int main()
{

char a =0;
int i; // Declaration of i here


for (int i = 0; i <= 127; i++) // Declaration of i here
{
	if (i &#37; 16 == 0) 
	{
		cout<<endl;
		i=a; // What is this supposed to do?
	}
	cout<<a;
}





return 0;


}

and i am getting the following error message

See comments. The error is because you have two i variables. Remove one.

lol i feel like an idiot now..

ok i removed the int i; and getting no errors but when i run the program, it hangs.. one of those infinite loops..

and the reason i am using i=a so a has the same value as i . a is a character variable. so whenever i changes a changes and displays the character

Erm, you're doing it the wrong way then. You're assigning a to i. Besides, you don't need a. Just print out i.

Code:

cout << static_cast<char>(i);

So simple, yet so powerful.
And the reason for the infinite loop is because you're assigning a to i (since a is always 0... well, you get my point).

[edit] @Elysia: consider recommending C++-style casting (static_cast<>()) rather than C-style casting (()) in this forum, the C++ one. [/edit]

and the reason i am using i=a so a has the same value as i . a is a character variable. so whenever i changes a changes and displays the character

Well then you should have it outside the if statement, and it should be a=i, not i=a. You're just setting i to some randome value (because a isn't initialized) with your statement.

By the way, you can get away with a cast instead of your variable a:

Code:

cout << static_cast<char>(i);

That causes i to be treated as a character, and cout will print a space instead of 32 or whatever.

It should be noted that you can use the isprint() function from <cctype> to determine whether a character is a normal character that can be printed. You see, many of the characters from 0 to 32 and from 127 to 255 are unprintable, or mess up your screen if you do print them. Backspace, delete, beep, newline, formfeed, carriage return, tab, and more are characters in these ranges that will mess up your display. Consider using isprint().

You must be using MSVC 6. It's the only compiler that I know of that would complain with this code:

Code:

int i;
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {}

That's valid C++, by the way -- although redundant, because the outer i is never used.

Thank you Elysia and dwks
The program is running fine now
I really appreciate your help.

just one quick last question.
Is there any quick way to find out the highest and lowest number from a list of numbers. The method that i can think of at the moment is using the if statements . e.g
if we have 6 numbers a,b,c,d,e,f then
if a>b>c>d>e>f cout<< a is highest
if b>a>c>d>e>f cout<< b is highest
if c>a>b>d>e>f c out << c is highest
and so on

but it will take forever to write if we have let's say 1000 numbers..

any suggestions ?

Originally Posted by dwks

[edit] @Elysia: consider recommending C++-style casting (static_cast<>()) rather than C-style casting (()) in this forum, the C++ one. [/edit]

I forgot I'm used to C-style casting. Bad habit I'm trying to get rid of, but I usually don't do any bad casting so I haven't really run into troubles using C-style casting, pretty much explaining why I haven't used much C++-style casting.

Originally Posted by wolverine12345

Thank you Elysia and dwks
The program is running fine now
I really appreciate your help.

just one quick last question.
Is there any quick way to find out the highest and lowest number from a list of numbers. The method that i can think of at the moment is using the if statements . e.g
if we have 6 numbers a,b,c,d,e,f then
if a>b>c>d>e>f cout<< a is highest
if b>a>c>d>e>f cout<< b is highest
if c>a>b>d>e>f c out << c is highest
and so on

but it will take forever to write if we have let's say 1000 numbers..

any suggestions ?

Believe there are CRT functions for that? Don't know for sure, but I do know there was a thread about it somewhere. Someone else might just help you out there, as well, though, because I don't really know.

It's not too difficult if you use arrays. If you use a separate, named variable, then you have to use something like this.

Code:

max = MAX(a, MAX(b, MAX(c, d) ) );

Ouch.

Consider using arrays. Then it's quite simple. You can use a loop to loop through every element, comparing that element with the maximum value found so far. If this element is larger than the previously known maximum, then you set the maximum to this element.

Do you know how to use arrays? http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/lesson8.html

ok here what i wrote

Code:

int main()

{
const int number = 10;
int num[number];
int max=0;
int min;
cout<<"Please enter 10 numbers."<<endl;
cin>>num[0];
cin>>num[1];
cin>>num[2];
cin>>num[3];
cin>>num[4];
cin>>num[5];
cin>>num[6];
cin>>num[7];
cin>>num[8];
cin>>num[9];


for (int i= 0; i < 10; i++)
if (num[i] > max)
max = num[i];
cout << "The highest number is " << max<< endl;


for (int j= 0; j < 10; j++)
if (num[i] < min)
min = num[i];
cout << "The lowest number is " << min<< endl;

return 0;
}

The program seems to find the highest number but for the lowest number it would give me a random value. e.g whenever i enter 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,89,10 . highest number is 10 but for the lowest number it would give me value like 8890.. etc

Originally Posted by wolverine12345

Code:

for (int j= 0; j < 10; j++)
if (num[i] < min)
min = num[i];
cout << "The lowest number is " << min<< endl;

'Nuff said
Btw, that shouldn't even work but due to a compiler bug, quirk or whatever, vars declared inside a for becomes global for the function or block in MSVC6, which goes against the standard.

In case Elysia wasn't being clear: you're using i instead of j.

Be sure to initialize min as well. And setting max to 0 would backfire if all the numbers were negative. Either set it to INT_MIN (from <climits>) or num[0], once you read in the numbers. (Setting it to num[0] is easier, but doesn't work if there are no elements in the array.)

Code:

cin>>num[0];
cin>>num[1];
cin>>num[2];
cin>>num[3];
cin>>num[4];
cin>>num[5];
cin>>num[6];
cin>>num[7];
cin>>num[8];
cin>>num[9];

Consider using a loop, it would be much simpler.