array of structure

**ashb** · 03-31-2005

This is my code .. accually with this code i can only save one student data and display only one!! .. i want to add a new student data (without overwriting) and display them all (the new data and the saved ones as well)....

ThanX ...

Code:

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;


int add();
void display();
void save();
void load();

struct student{
       char fname[100];
       char lname[100];
       int id;
       float cgpa;
           };
           
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  int x;
  
 
 do{
  cout <<"============================\n";
  cout <<"            Menu            \n";
  cout <<"============================\n";
  cout <<endl;
  cout <<"={1}= Add a new student.\n";  
  cout <<"={2}= Display all\n";
  cout <<"={3}= Save\n";
  cout <<"={4}= Load\n";
  cout <<"={5}= Exit\n";
  cout <<"============================\n";
  
  
  cout <<"Your Choice: ";
  cin >>x;
  
  switch (x){
  case 1 : add();break; 
  case 2 : display();break;
  case 3 : save();break;
  case 4 : load();break;
  case 5 : ;break;
  default : cout <<"Invalid Choice\n";
  }
  }while (x != 5);
  
  system("PAUSE");	
  return 0;
}

//==================================================  ===
student info[200];
int i,num;
//==================================================  ==========
// Add a new student to the database
int add()
{
    
  cout << "Enter student's first name: ";
  cin >>info[i].fname;
  
  cout << "Enter student's second name: ";
  cin >>info[i].lname;
  
  cout <<"Enter the student id: ";
  cin >> info[i].id;
  
  cout << "Enter the student CGPA: ";
  cin >> info[i].cgpa; 
  
         
}
//===============================[ display ]=======================
void display()
{
        
          
        cout << "Name: "<<info[i].fname<<" "<<info[i].lname<<endl;
        cout << "ID: "<<info[i].id<<endl;
        cout << "CGPA: "<<info[i].cgpa<<endl;

        
}
//========================[ save ]=============================
void save()
{
        ofstream fout;
        fout.open("datab.txt",ios::out|ios::binary);
        fout.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&info[i]),sizeof(student));
        fout.close();
        
}
//=======================[load]=================================
void load()
{
        ifstream fin; 
        fin.open("datab.txt",ios::in|ios::binary);
        fin.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&info),sizeof(student));       
        fin.close();        
}

**hk_mp5kpdw** · 03-31-2005

You need to initialize i to 0 somewhere at the start of your program. Increment i after each addition of a new student. Your display and save functions must have some sort of loop in them so that they start at 0 and display (or write to a file) all the elements up to the current value of i. Your load function must reset i to 0 and then loop to read data from the file while incrementing i.

[edit]Your add and load functions should also first check to make sure that i is not already equal to the number of elements in your array (200 in your case). If i is equal to 200, then you must stop.[/edit]

**ashb** · 03-31-2005

Thanx man ...
but i didn't get you clearly .... if I initialized i to 0, the loop will end at which value ?!

**hk_mp5kpdw** · 03-31-2005

Originally Posted by ashb

Thanx man ...
but i didn't get you clearly .... if I initialized i to 0, the loop will end at which value ?!

What loop?

You initialize i to 0 at the start of the program. Each time you call your add function, you load the data into the array at the current i and then increment i by one. Your i variable thus serves as a counter indicating how many elements you have stored. When it comes time to call the display or save functions, you have a loop that goes from 0 up to (not including) i and outputs the values from the relevant array index. Your load function resets i to 0. Then it uses a loop to read in a single record's worth of data at a time and increments i by one for each record processed.

**ashb** · 03-31-2005

sorry man but i'm still beginner

...

i add a new student then I increme the i value (i++), how could i pass the new value of i from add() function to display and save functions ? ..

**ashb** · 03-31-2005

I'm really stuck .. can any one help me !!!!

**hk_mp5kpdw** · 03-31-2005

You don't need to pass around global variables, they can be used from any of your functions, although in order to initialize it in main you should declare it before main and not after. As a general rule, the use of globals should be avoided, but for this simple program they should be OK (otherwise you have to deal with passing values by pointer/reference). As an example, your add function should look like this:

Code:

int add()
{
    // First make sure we have spare room in the array to store more data
    if( i < 200 )
    {
        cout << "Enter student's first name: ";
        cin >>info[i].fname;
  
        cout << "Enter student's second name: ";
        cin >>info[i].lname;
  
        cout <<"Enter the student id: ";
        cin >> info[i].id;
  
        cout << "Enter the student CGPA: ";
        cin >> info[i].cgpa; 

        // Now increment i to reflect the student we have just added
        ++i;
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "No more room in array!" << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

**ashb** · 03-31-2005

is there is somthing wrong with this load() function ??? when i call it, the is an error accures ...

Code:

void load()
{        
         int i = 0 ;
        ifstream fin;
        
        while(!fin.eof())
        {
         
        fin.open("datab.txt",ios::in|ios::binary);
        fin.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&info[i]),sizeof(student));       
        fin.close();   
        i++;     
}}

**joshdick** · 03-31-2005

Why are you opening the text up as binary? Also, I've never seen read() used like that. I don't think that's the best way to do it. Also, your i variable goes out of scope at the end of the function, so it's not doing anything for you right now. And it's a bad idea to make info a global variable.

In the future, if you post the errors you get, it'll be easier for people to help you.

**hk_mp5kpdw** · 03-31-2005

Yes, there are many issues with the code. Your opening and closing of the file should be done outside of the loop. Testing of eof as a conditional in a loop is generally considered a bad idea. You are also declaring a new integer i which has nothing at all to do with your global i and so you don't know how many elements you will end up reading outside of the function itself. You should also test to make sure the file was opened successfully before you start to read from it. You also need to make sure we still have space before reading data into an invalid array location.

Code:

void load()
{        
    i = 0;  // This will init the global i
    ifstream fin("datab.txt",ios::in|ios::binary);

    // Check if file is open first before we try to start reading from it
    if( !fin.is_open() )
    {
        cout << "load error: - Can't open input file!" << endl;
        return;
    }
    
    // Check we have space to store data before we actually try to
    // read data into an invalid index
    while( i < 200 && fin.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&info[i]),sizeof(student)) )
        ++i;     

    // An explicit call to fin.close(); is not needed since the stream
    // destructor will close the file for us automatically
}

**ashb** · 03-31-2005

I have done some modification in the program but i have a small problem , when i exit the program ,open it again and load ( nothing loaded !!!!) i select display .. nothin is displayed.. i don't know if the problem is in the save() function or in the load() function ....

ThanX

**ashb** · 03-31-2005

I have done some modification in the program but i have a small problem , when i exit the program ,open it again and load ( nothing loaded !!!!) i select display .. nothin is displayed.. i don't know if the problem is in the save() function or in the load() function ....

ThanX

Code:

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;



   struct student
   {
         char fname[100];
         char lname[100];
         int id;
         float cgpa;
   };

   int add( student * , int &);
   void display( student * , int );
   void save(student * , int  );
   void load( student * , int );


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   char x;
   student info [200 ];
   int i = 0 , num , max = 0;

   do
   {
        cout <<"============================\n";
        cout <<"            Menu            \n";
        cout <<"============================\n";
        cout <<endl;
        cout <<"={1}= Add a new student.\n";
        cout <<"={2}= Display all\n";
        cout <<"={3}= Save\n";
        cout <<"={4}= Load\n";
        cout <<"={5}= Exit\n";
        cout <<"============================\n";


        cout <<"Your Choice: ";
        cin >>x;

       switch ( x )
       {
            case '1' : add( info , i  );
                       break;
            case '2' : display( info , i);break;
            case '3' : save( info , i);break;
            case '4' : load( info , i );break;
            case '5' : ;break;
            default : cout <<"Invalid Choice\n";
       }
   }while ( x  !=  '5' );

system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

//=====================================================

//============================================================
// Add a new student to the database
int add(student * info , int & i )
{
    
    if( i < 200 )
    {
        cout << "Enter student's first name: ";
        cin >>info[i].fname;
  
        cout << "Enter student's second name: ";
        cin >>info[i].lname;
  
        cout <<"Enter the student id: ";
        cin >> info[i].id;
  
        cout << "Enter the student CGPA: ";
        cin >> info[i].cgpa; 

      
        i++;
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "No more room in array!" << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}
//===============================[ display ]=======================
void display( student * info , int max )
{

      int i = 0;

      while ( i < max )
      {
           cout << "Name: "<< info [ i ].fname << " " << info [ i ].lname << endl;
           cout << "ID: " << info [ i ].id << endl;
           cout << "CGPA: "<< info [ i ].cgpa << endl;
           i ++;
      }

}
//========================[ save ]=============================
void save( student * info , int i)
{
      ofstream fout;
      fout.open("datab.txt",ios::out|ios::binary);
      fout.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&info[i]),sizeof(student));
      fout.close();

}
//=======================[load]=================================
void load( student * info  , int i)
{
      ifstream fin;
      fin.open("datab.txt",ios::in|ios::binary);
      fin.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&info[i]),sizeof(student));
      fin.close();
}

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