How to pass an array of strings by reference?`

Hello,

I'm trying to pass an array of strings to a function by reference and can't seem to figure out how to do it. Here is what I'm tring to do.

#include <string>

void goodbye(string &ra[]);

int main();
{
int lines = 3;
string a[lines];

string a[0] = "Hello";
string a[1] = "there";

goodbye(a);
return 0;
}

void goodbye(string &ra[])
{
ra[0] = "goodbye";
ra[1] = "";
}


I know this isn't correct, but this is basically what I'm trying to do. Can anyone patch up this so that it would work or point me to a page with an explanation/tutorial? As of yet, google has failed me on this one.

Thanks in advance,
James1

If you have power point then dload this small file and go to page 21, 22, and 23:

www.d.umn.edu/~rmaclin/cs1622/C++OtherFeatures/ C++OtherFeatures.PPT

Reading that presentation didn't answer the question in my opinion. It had some nice use of arrays, but didn't address the issue of passing a string array to a function by reference. As for myself, I must admit I cant see why the example by James shouldn't work.

I'm not that sharp on pointers, so don't bother writing back if I'm wrong, but wouldn't "goodbye()" take a pointer as its argument, and the when you call it you'd assign it the address of an array, like:

Code:

void goodbye(string * str[])
    {
    *str[0] = "Fair dinkum!";
    }

int main()
    {
    string myString[10];
    ...
    goodbye(&myString);
    }

As I said, I'm probably wrong, so don't bother telling me I'm wrong. If by chance Im right though, please tell me

stovellp, you would be right, but sometimes it's just easier to use references, because then there is no tedious dereferencing a mucking about. The variable you obtain by reference is exactly identical in structure and usability to the one passed in. And also, there shouldn't be square brackets for passing a pointer. That would pass an array of pointers. Sorry, I just had to correct. It's all a learning experience.

Wow, I've spent the last two years avoiding pointers because I didn't think I knew how to use them, just to be told I was right. Thanks mate!

And yeah, I wasn't sure about the '[]'s, I realise now they shouldn't be there because It would pass the whole array.

I read that wrong... Whats the difference between a reference and a pointer? I thought what I was doing was assigning the address to a pointer, so everything changed in the pointer would be changed in the real variable whose address was passed to it?

I'm lost again

void goodbye(string &ra[])

void goodbye(string * str[])

Amazing!! ,men when you pass an array to a function it is always passed as a pointer to its first element,so you should pass the size of array as its second parameter ,what you are trying to do can be simply attained by putting

void goodboye(string str[])

This will pass the base address of array to the function but you need to tell the actual size of array ,so the complete code would be


void goodboye(string str[],int lines)

Also if you do not want to change the array size in the function or you afraid that it would be changed unintentionally you should pass its second parameter as a constant.

Ok, here's the deal; I'll explain it a little here, but you should really just do a search or read a tutorial.

A pointer is a (usually) 4 byte variable that holds a memory address. You can use the address operator, &, to obtain the address of a variable, and place that in the pointer. Now you can manipulate the variable THROUGH the pointer. For example:

Code:

int variable; //create an int, pretty standard ;)
int *ptrtoint; //create a pointer that is going to point to an int

ptrtoint=&variable; //assign address of variable to ptrtoint

*ptrtoint=5; //The dereference operator is the asterisk.
//What this does is sort of resolves the pointer so 
//that you can read and write the value in the 
//variable that it points to.

Now you may say, what's the point of using pointers, I can already access the variable directly. Pointers come in handy when you need to access a variable that was created by another part of your program, or the operating system. For example, if you want a function to be able to change a variable that you pass to it, you pass a pointer, so that the function knows where the variable is stored in memory. Ie:

Code:

void increment(int *var)
{
     (*var)++; //(value pointed to by var)increment
//Note that parentheses are necessary for precedence reasons
}

void main() //uh oh, salem's gonna kill me
{
int a;
a=5;
increment(&a); //pass the address of the variable
cout << a << endl; //will display 6, not 5
}

If you were to pass a variable normally, by value, a copy of the variable would be created in the context of the function increment(), and any changes made to it would not effect the original variable.

Well, that's all I can explain right now, you should really get a tutorial. Start here:

http://newdata.box.sk/bx/c/index.htm

That's how I learnt everything I know.

Plus, I'm a really bad teacher, and it's about 40 degrees down here in aussie

Are you sure nag? I would think that those parameters would require you to pass an array, not a pointer to one.

But I think the actual question was How to pass an array of strings to a function ?
And also no matter if you pass an array as pointer,the function does not get a new copy of array as usual It can change the array because it is passed as a pointer!

Actually, I think the question was How to pass an array of strings by reference?

While waiting for someone else to answer that post, I took the liberty of helping out stovellp with some essentials of c++ programming. I'm gradually getting around to answering the original post, don't worry.

Nag, I concede, your function parameter line is perfectly adequate. The following are exactly the same:

[code]
void goodbye(string str[]);
void goodbye(string *str);
[code]

I believe however that using the second definition would be more facilitating to a better understanding of the workings of the program. It indicates the variable to be passed in contains an address that is the location of one or more strings. The first definition implies that an array of strings is being passed in, which is misleading. That is because it could mean either a pointer to an array or an actual array.

However, do what you want.

Code:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

void pass_by_reference(string (&ref)[10])
{
       ref[0] = "This is string one";
       // this is how you take a reference for an array
}

int main()
{
      string str[10];
      pass_by_reference(str);
      return 0;
}

to make it simple....
int x[10]; // if you wanted a reference to this array of integers

int (&ref)[10] = x; // this is how you take the reference of the array x

Originally posted by JamesMI

Code:

#include <string>

const int MAX = 3; // added this instead

void goodbye(string (&ra)[MAX]); // Corrections here

int main();
{
     string a[MAX];

     string a[0] = "Hello";
     string a[1] = "there";

     goodbye(a);
     return 0;
}

void goodbye(string (&ra)[3]) // Corrections here
{
     ra[0] = "goodbye";
     ra[1] = "";
}