You can do that in C++ too, but the way you were doing it was not splitting the string.
Just for reference, one way to do this (except with stringstream as you found out) is with boost (the standard library conveniently lacks a splitting function):
std::vector<std::string> Output;
boost::split(Output, Input, boost::is_any_of(" "));
Btw, stringstream is a stream, and getline takes a stream. The std::*fstream family are also streams.
Therefore, you can get easily apply getline directly when reading a file:
std::getline(File, Line, " ");