How to use templates on this.

I have a handler class that handles all the class data (ie. Cars, Motors, Planes)
But I want to have a getData function which has a parameter that can identify which class to return.

Code:

class Handler
{
public:
Car *cars;
Motor *motors;
Plane *planes

Handler();

void getData(int index) // When index = 0; cars. 1 will be motors.
{

if(index == 0)
return cars;
else if(index ==1)
return motors;

};

So when I try to get the cars. I'll just call.

Handler->getData(0)->ViewData();

My problem is, how do I do that? I heard templates can do that but I don't know how to use it.

Remember that templates are compile time polymorphic, so the type of the object must be know at compile time for a template to be used. In this case, that means the index must be known compile time.

So basically what you are asking for is a way to map integers to a class type.

Here's one solution involving a macro. You'd need to adapt it to work with the class, but this outlines the principle:

Code:

#include<iostream>

int getData(int arr[][1]){
    return 0;
}

double getData(int arr[][2]){
    return 2.5;
}

#define getDataM(N)  getData((int (*)[N])NULL)

int main(){
    std::cout << getDataM(1)  << std::endl;
    std::cout << getDataM(2 ) << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

I think it might also be possible to do something with class template specialization, but this came to me first.

Is this the kind of thing you're looking for? Cause if not -- if index is not known at compile time, then you need to rely on conventional polymorphism, not templates or macros.

I think it might also be possible to do something with class template specialization, but this came to me first.

With C++0x you could replace the macro with:

Code:

template <int N>
decltype(getData((int (*)[N])NULL)) getDataM()
{
    return getData((int (*)[N])NULL);
}

int main(){
    printf("%i\n", (int) getDataM<1>() );
    printf("%f\n", (double) getDataM<2>() );
    return 0;
}

A solution within current standard would be interesting to see

With some thoughtI came up with this:

Code:

#include<iostream>

template <int I>
class Mclass{};

class Handler
{
  public:
  
  double getData(Mclass<0>){
    return 2.5;
  }
  int getData(Mclass<1>){
    return 0;
  }
};
int main(){
    Handler obj;
    std::cout << (  obj.getData( Mclass<0>() )  ) << std::endl;
    std::cout << (  obj.getData( Mclass<1>() )  ) << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

All in all this is better then the first solution. It doesn't use a macro, and the number does not have to be a positive integer.

Very nice. I got stuck with your previous idea.

P.S It seems that you don't need the specialization?

Good catch on not needing the specialization. Editing now to avoid confusion.

Really both options are the same thing: use a type has an integer parameter as an extra argument to overload on.

Why not just use polymorphism?

(Uncompiled code follows)

Code:

class Viewable {
public:
    virtual void viewData() = 0;
};

class Car : public Viewable {
public:
    virtual void viewData() { // implement view data for Car }
};

...

class Handler {
public:
    void viewer(const Viewable & v)
    {
        v.viewData();
    }
};

Because that involves runtime overhead. Don't do at runtime what you can at compile time.

But for the OP, chances are that is what he's looking for.

Originally Posted by King Mir

Because that involves runtime overhead.

I prefer the cleaner design over a perceived performance gain.

Originally Posted by medievalelks

I prefer the cleaner design over a perceived performance gain.

I agree, but the performance gain is not just perceived.

Elaborating on King Mir's example, if you wanted it to be legible, you would typedef the different choices, so it's cleaner. However, in that case you would just end up with this example.

Code:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class Car
{
public:
	void ViewData()
	{
		std::cout << "<Car>" << std::endl;
	}
};

class Motor {};
class Plane {};

class Handler
{
	Car car;
	Motor motor;
	Plane plane;

public:
	struct Type
	{
        template<int I>
        class Mclass {};

		typedef Mclass<0> car_type; //or u can use: class car_type {}
		typedef Mclass<1> motor_type; //or u can use: class motor_type {}
		typedef Mclass<2> plane_type; //or u can use: class plane_type {}

		static const car_type Car;
		static const motor_type Motor;
		static const plane_type Plane;
	};

	Car& GetData(Type::car_type const& t)
	{
		return car;
	}

	Motor& GetData(Type::motor_type const& t)
	{
		return motor;
	}

	Plane& GetData(Type::plane_type const& t)
	{
		return plane;
	}
};

const Handler::Type::car_type Handler::Type::Car = Handler::Type::car_type();
const Handler::Type::motor_type Handler::Type::Motor = Handler::Type::motor_type();
const Handler::Type::plane_type Handler::Type::Plane = Handler::Type::plane_type();

int main()
{
	Handler handler;

	handler.GetData(Handler::Type::Car).ViewData(); //output: <Car>
}

If you're going to do something illegible, or verbose, such as these examples, why don't you just do handler.GetCar().ViewData()? If you only have 1 instance of each class, as your first code shows, then the best solution would be to give them individual functions. If however you have multiple instances, then you would need an index based approach such as King Mir's, or medievalelks with an array:

Code:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

class Viewable 
{
public:
	virtual void ViewData() = 0;
};

class Car : public Viewable
{
public:
	virtual void ViewData()
	{
		std::cout << "<Car>" << std::endl;
	}
};

class Motor : public Viewable
{
public:
	virtual void ViewData()
	{
		std::cout << "<Motor>" << std::endl;
	}
};

class Plane : public Viewable
{
public:
	virtual void ViewData()
	{
		std::cout << "<Plane>" << std::endl;
	}
};

class Handler
{
	std::vector<Viewable*> data;

public:
	Viewable* GetData(int i)
	{
		return data[i];
	}

	void Add(Viewable* v)
	{
		data.push_back(v);
	}

	Viewable* operator[](int i)
	{
		return GetData(i);
	}
};


int main()
{
	Handler* handler = new Handler;

	handler->Add(new Car);
	handler->Add(new Motor);
	handler->Add(new Plane);

	handler->GetData(0)->ViewData(); //same as handler[0]->ViewData(); with non-pointer
}

Personally if I were handling multiple instances of multiple unknown classes, I would do something along the lines of this...

Code:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <boost/any.hpp>

class Car
{
public:
	void ViewData()
	{
		std::cout << "<Car>" << std::endl;
	}
};

class Motor {};

class Plane {};

class Handler
{
	std::vector<boost::any> data;

public:
	template<typename T>
	T GetData(int i)
	{
		return boost::any_cast<T>(data[i]);
	}

	template<typename T>
	void Add(T v)
	{
		data.push_back(boost::any(v));
	}
};


int main()
{
	Handler handler;

	handler.Add(Car());
	handler.Add(Motor());
	handler.Add(Plane());

	handler.GetData<Car>(0).ViewData();
}

Unfortunately you have to cast the type, but C/C++ don't yet have a way of determining the type without help from the user (too bad we couldn't have an array of typedef's or something). Maybe C++0x, I don't know.

That just looks like a generic array now though. What the heck is the purpose? Game asset handler? If that's the case, you might want to implement Provider's, and instead of using int's (0, 1, 2, etc) to access them, give them string names (use an unordered_map). ie. handler.GetProvider<Car>().GetAsset("ferrari") or handler.GetAsset<Car>("ferrari") or handler.GetProvider("car").GetAsset("ferrari"), etc. There's more about that on gamedev.