C++ Implementing String Operations

hey guys, I was wondering if you can look over some code:

1. char* reverse(char *s);

*Here, s is a C-string. Its return value should be a newly-allocated C-string, said string being the reversal of the
string s. Hence, the return value of reverse("abcde") would be "edcba". *

Code:

{
   char *t;
   int i, n;
   n=length(s);
   t = new char[n];
   for (i=0; i<n; ++i)
   {
       *(t+i)=*(s+n-1-i);
   }
   *(t+i)='\0';
   
   return t;
}
}

2. char* trimfront(char *s);

*Here, s is a C-string. Its return value should be a newly-allocated C-string, consisting of s, but with all initial whitespace characters removed*

Code:

{
while(*s == ' ' || *s == '\t')
	s++;
	return s;
}

3. char* trimrear(char *s);

*Here, s is a C-string. Its return value should be a newly-allocated C-string, consisting of s, but with all final whitespace characters removed*

Code:

char* trimrear(char *s) (
{
    char *s;
    s=str; 
    while(*s){  (
	    if(isspace(*s))  
		s++; 
	    else 
		break; 
	    )
	    return s; 
}

4. char* vowels(char *s);

*Here, s is a C-string. Its return value should be a newly-allocated C-string consisting of all the vowels found in s, in the order found, taking case into account.*

(somebody was helping with this for me, but there seems to be a problem with the strcat)

Code:

{
char* out = "";
for (i=0;i<strlen(s);i++)
{
char a = s[i];
switch (a)
{
case 'A':
case 'a':
case 'E':
case 'e':
// similarly i,o,u
strcat(out,a);
default: ;
} // end switch
} // end for
return out;
}

Note: I am aware that there will be segmentation faults unless I include the new operator.

Thanks to everybody who helps..

For the first one, you ever thought of doing something like:

Code:

#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

char function(string str, unsigned int position);

char function(string str, unsigned int position)
{
     string::reverse_iterator reverse;
     reverse = str.rbegin() + position;
     return (*reverse);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    string str = "Testing String... TO BE REPLACED...";
    int idx=0;
    
    for(idx=0; idx<str.length(); idx++)
    {
               cout << function(str, idx);
    }
    
    cout << "\n";
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

First, all of your functions seem to have the requirement of "return a newly-allocated string" - so, since they're not modifying their input, they should probably be function(const char *input);

Let's take one:

Code:

{
while(*s == ' ' || *s == '\t')
	s++;
	return s;
}

This doesn't seem to allocate a new string.

Code:

{
   char* out = "";
   for (i=0;i<strlen(s);i++)
   {
      char a = s[i];
      switch (a)
      {
      case 'A':
      case 'a':
      case 'E':
      case 'e':
      // similarly i,o,u
         strcat(out,a);
      default: ;
      } // end switch
   } // end for
   return out;
}

This one is a mess. You need to allocate a string - you cannot just say char *out = "". char *out = "" set's char pointing to an empty string, in possibly read only memory! (It should really be const char *out = "", but that does us no good since we want to modify out.) Allocate memory for the string.
Once you get it functional, then:
Make your call to strlen() outside the loop - otherwise, you may be taking a string length each time you loop - which is not needed.
Keep track of the end of the string yourself, and you can avoid the strcat() inside the loop. (Again, calling strcat each time will make the running time of the function O(n^2). This function should be O(n) when you're done.)

Code:

{
   char *t;
   int i, n;
   n=length(s);
   t = new char[n];
   for (i=0; i<n; ++i)
   {
       *(t+i)=*(s+n-1-i);
   }
   *(t+i)='\0';
   
   return t;
}

Your allocated array has length n which means a valid index from 0 through n-1. In your loop, i goes from 0 and stops once it reaches n. You then attempt to use this value in i (which is n) to index the allocated array which is one past the allowable bounds (n-1). Short answer is you need to allocate an extra byte for the array to store the null.

Depending on how much i is. In any case strlen doesn't count the null terminator, but the new string must have it, so you need one character more.

Originally Posted by jewelz

ok so to allocate memory for the vowels function, should it be

Code:

temp = new char[i]

and how do i use the strlen? temp = strlen(s)?

Unless the original string is ginormous, what's the problem with allocating the worst case - the input string consists of only vowels. Generally, the C library will round up to 16 or 32 bytes anyways.

--
Mats

s, t, r, i, n, g, \0

That's a string of 6 characters (as returned by strlen) requiring 7 char's worth of memory.

Naturally you can count the vowels first and then allocate that much + one char for the null terminator, but there is nothing wrong if you use more memory for the string. E.g memory for the vowels in "string" might look like this:

7 bytes:
i, \0, z, w, q, z, x

Who cares what garbage comes after the null terminator since you are not going to look at that.