getopt help

**wuzzo87** · 04-08-2007

Hello all,
I tried using 'getopt' for my program(sorting) ...but always end up with a Segmentation Fault..
input suppose to be as follows:
./msort -i 'input file' -o 'output file' -s 'sort type' -f 'field to be sorted'

This is a part of my main.

Code:

        while((c = getopt(argc, argv, "iosf:")) > 0)
        {
                switch(c)
                {
                        case 'i':
                                if(sscanf(optarg, "%s", file_in) != 1)
                                        fprintf(stderr,"Input file was not provided\n");
                                break;

                        case 'o':
                                if(sscanf(optarg, "%s", file_out) != 1)
                                        fprintf(stderr,"Output file was not provided\n");
                                break;

                        case 's':
                                if(sscanf(optarg, "%c", &sort_type) != 1)
                                        fprintf(stderr,"Sort type not provided\n");
                                break;

                        case 'f':
                                if(sscanf(optarg, "%d", &field) != 1)
                                        fprintf(stderr,"Field to be sorted not provided\n");

                                if(field == 2)
                                        printf("String field selected to be sorted\n");
                                else
                                        printf("Record Number field selected to be sorted\n");
                                break;
                }
        }

        fp1 = fopen(file_in,"r");
        if(fp1 == NULL) perror("Cannot open file for reading\n");

        rec_count = read_records(records, fp1);
        printf("%d records read from input file\n", rec_count);

        records = realloc(records, (sizeof(records)*(rec_count+4)));

        /*Sorting starts here*/
        /*Not yet complete, but default is present already*/
        if((sort_type == 'n') && (field == 2))
        {
                /*sort with natural mergesort - string*/
                printf("Natural Mergesort selected\n");
        }
        else
        if((sort_type = 'n') && (field == 1))
        {
                /*sort with natural mergesort - int*/
                printf("Natural Mergesort selected\n");
        }
        else
        if((sort_type = 'b') && (field == 2))
        {
                /*sort with BU mergesort - string*/
                printf("Bottom-Up Mergesort selected\n");
                mergesortBU(records, 0, rec_count-1, comp_string);
        }
        else
        {
                /*sort with BU mergesort - int*/
                printf("Bottom-Up Mergesort selected\n");
                mergesortBU(records, 0, rec_count-1, comp_key_num);
        }

right now, i skip the write to file part and just print it to 'stdout'
If I use this,
file_in = argv[1]
to test my sorting and output, it works fine.
But doesn't seem to be working with getopt.

Help.

Thx.

**Salem** · 04-08-2007

> if(sscanf(optarg, "%s", file_in) != 1)
How did you declare file_in ?

> records = realloc(records, (sizeof(records)*(rec_count+4)));
How did you declare and initialise records?

> if((sort_type = 'n') && (field == 1))
Use ==

**wuzzo87** · 04-08-2007

thx for replying salem

this are my declarations in main.

Code:

        Record *records = malloc(sizeof(records)*MAX_NUM_RECORDS);
        char c,sort_type;
        int field;
        int rec_count, free_count;
        char *file_in;
        char *file_out;
        FILE *fp1 ,*fp2;

also a question with 'realloc'
Let's say i malloc a struct to be of 100structs. I only use 50.
Then i realloc it to be 50 (the used size). What happens to the other 50 empty ones initialised. Will it return to free memory, so i don't need to free() anything?

Thx very much

**Salem** · 04-08-2007

> char *file_in;
> char *file_out;
Well these are not pointing at any memory, so trying to scan a string into where they point (or don't point) is just trouble.
Make them arrays, say
char file_in[100];

Update the sscanf call to ensure some safety
if(sscanf(optarg, "%99s", file_in) != 1)

> so i don't need to free() anything?
Only the single pointer you have at the moment.

BTW, you should do this

Code:

void temp = realloc(records, (sizeof(records)*(rec_count+4)));
if ( temp != NULL ) {
    records = temp;
} else {
    /* realloc failed, tidy up and bail out */
    free(records);
}

realloc can fail, even if you're just making the block smaller.

What's the +4 for?

**robatino** · 04-08-2007

> Record *records = malloc(sizeof(records)*MAX_NUM_RECORDS);
I think you meant

Code:

  Record *records = malloc(sizeof(Record)*MAX_NUM_RECORDS);

and same for realloc().

**wuzzo87** · 04-08-2007

Thanks for yer help people.. I've fixed the (rec_count+4) problem ...
Yep. it's the malloc(sizeof(Record)*MAX_NUM_RECORDS) //not sizeof(records)

However, i still have the Segmentation Fault and i just can't figure what's so wrong with my getopt. Like i said, everything's perfect if i use argv[1] or [2] as file input/output.
But when i include getopt, then the problem arises.

This is my whole main func. :

Code:

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
        Record *records = malloc(sizeof(Record)*MAX_NUM_RECORDS);
        char c, sort_type;
        int field;
        int rec_count;
        char file_in[100];
        char file_out[100];
        FILE *fp1,*fp2;


        while((c = getopt(argc, argv, "iosf:")) > 0)
        {
                switch(c)
                {
                        case 'i':
                            if((sscanf(optarg, "%s", file_in)) != 1)
                                    fprintf(stderr,"Input file was not provided\n");
                                    break;

                        case 'o':
                            if((sscanf(optarg, "%s", file_out)) != 1)
                                    fprintf(stderr,"Output file was not provided\n");
                                    break;

                        case 's':
                            if((sscanf(optarg, "%c", &sort_type)) != 1)
                                    fprintf(stderr,"Sort type not provided\n");
                                    break;

                        case 'f':
                            if((sscanf(optarg, "%d", &field)) != 1)
                                    fprintf(stderr,"Field to be sorted not provided\n");

                            if(field == 2)
                                    printf("String field selected to be sorted\n");
                            else
                                    printf("Record Number field selected to be sorted\n");
                                    break;
                }
        }

        fp1 = fopen(file_in,"r");
        if(fp1 == NULL) perror("Cannot open file for reading\n");

        rec_count = read_records(records, fp1);
        printf("%d records read from input file\n", rec_count);


        Record *temp = realloc(records, (sizeof(Record)*(rec_count)));
        if ( temp != NULL )
        {
            records = temp;
        }
        else
            free(records);

        /*Sorting starts here*/
        if((sort_type == 'n') && (field == 2))
        {
                printf("Natural Mergesort selected\n");
        }
        else
        if((sort_type = 'n') && (field == 1))
        {
                printf("Natural Mergesort selected\n");
        }
        else
        if((sort_type = 'b') && (field == 2))
        {
                printf("Bottom-Up Mergesort selected\n");
                mergesortBU(records, 0, rec_count, comp_string);
        }
        else
        {
                printf("Bottom-Up Mergesort selected\n");
                mergesortBU(records, 0, rec_count-1, comp_key_num);
        }

        print_records(records,rec_count);

        /*Write sorted records to a new file*/
        fp2 = fopen(file_out,"w");
        if(fp2 == NULL)
        {
                perror("Cannot open file for writing\n");
                return 0;
        }
        else
        write_to_file(records, fp2, rec_count);
        

        return 0;
}

**Salem** · 04-08-2007

So does any particular option crash, or all of them?

What if you only have the getopt and nothing else, does it crash then. Including getopt and making it crash is not an exclusive test of there being a problem with getopt.

> (sort_type = 'b')
I seem to remember mentioning this already.

You could stand to use a few more braces, especially in all your cases. It's far from obvious as to whether those breaks actually terminate each case.

**wuzzo87** · 04-08-2007

I added the extra braces around those if / else statements
and some printf statements to verify where the the Seg Fault begins.

This is what happens.

Code:

>$ ./msort -i testdata -o result -s b -f 2
Before getopt
Segmentation Fault

It should enter this case

Code:

if((sort_type = 'b') && (field == 2))
        {
                printf("Bottom-Up Mergesort selected\n");
                mergesortBU(records, 0, rec_count, comp_string);
        }

but i crashed when it hits the getopt part.

I also tried commenting everything out so that the only thing main does is getopt.
Same thing happens.

Code:

Before getopt
Segmentation Fault

**wuzzo87** · 04-08-2007

I added the extra braces around those if / else statements, and fixed the (sort_type ==..)
and some printf statements to verify where the the Seg Fault begins.

This is what happens.

Code:

>$ ./msort -i testdata -o result -s b -f 2
Before getopt
Segmentation Fault

It should enter this case

Code:

if((sort_type = 'b') && (field == 2))
        {
                printf("Bottom-Up Mergesort selected\n");
                mergesortBU(records, 0, rec_count, comp_string);
        }

but i crashed when it hits the getopt part.

I also tried commenting everything out so that the only thing main does is getopt.
Same thing happens.

Code:

Before getopt
Segmentation Fault

**dwks** · 04-08-2007

Originally Posted by robatino

> Record *records = malloc(sizeof(records)*MAX_NUM_RECORDS);
I think you meant

Code:

  Record *records = malloc(sizeof(Record)*MAX_NUM_RECORDS);

and same for realloc().

Either that or

Code:

Record *records = malloc(sizeof(*records)*MAX_NUM_RECORDS);

Code:

if((sort_type = 'b') && (field == 2))

Have you been reading Salem's posts??? = is for assignment. == is for comparison. Use ==!

**Salem** · 04-09-2007

Another case of RTFM

Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
        char c, sort_type;
        int field;
        int rec_count;
        char file_in[100];
        char file_out[100];
        FILE *fp1,*fp2;

        /* Everything expects a parameter */
        while((c = getopt(argc, argv, "i:o:s:f:")) > 0)
        {
            printf("Opt=%c, string=%s\n", c, optarg ); /* Add DEBUG */
                switch(c)
                {
                        case 'i':
                            if((sscanf(optarg, "%s", file_in)) != 1)
                                    fprintf(stderr,"Input file was not provided\n");
                                    break;

                        case 'o':
                            if((sscanf(optarg, "%s", file_out)) != 1)
                                    fprintf(stderr,"Output file was not provided\n");
                                    break;

                        case 's':
                            if((sscanf(optarg, "%c", &sort_type)) != 1)
                                    fprintf(stderr,"Sort type not provided\n");
                                    break;

                        case 'f':
                            if((sscanf(optarg, "%d", &field)) != 1)
                                    fprintf(stderr,"Field to be sorted not provided\n");

                            if(field == 2)
                                    printf("String field selected to be sorted\n");
                            else
                                    printf("Record Number field selected to be sorted\n");
                                    break;
                }
        }
        return 0;
}

Without this change, I was just getting right at the start a NULL pointer (this is simple debug skills at work)

Code:

spc@sycamore ~
$ ./a.exe -i hello -o world -d 2 -s t
Opt=i, string=(null)
     17 [main] a 1112 _cygtls::handle_exceptions: Error while dumping state (probably corrupted stack)
Segmentation fault (core dumped)

$ ./a.exe -ihello -oworld -d2 -st
Opt=i, string=(null)
     15 [main] a 2428 _cygtls::handle_exceptions: Error while dumping state (probably corrupted stack)
Segmentation fault (core dumped)

With a : in every place in the opt string, I get

Code:

$ ./a.exe -ihello -oworld -f2 -st
Opt=i, string=hello
Opt=o, string=world
Opt=f, string=2
String field selected to be sorted
Opt=s, string=t

$ ./a.exe -i hello -o world -f 2 -s t
Opt=i, string=hello
Opt=o, string=world
Opt=f, string=2
String field selected to be sorted
Opt=s, string=t

**wuzzo87** · 04-09-2007

Oh finally!!! It works! ..I'm so glad. How can i thank u.

This is actually my 2nd time using getopt...
I shall keep that in mind.

Sorry... the initialise '=' and comp '==' was my mistake of copying the old post into the new one. Actually i had that changed in my prog. already.

Btw, can i ask what is 'RTFM'?

Thanks guys for yer help!

**KONI** · 04-09-2007

It's a way of saying that you should read the documentation, aka Read The ........ing Manual.

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