Foreign characters

**gavio** · 08-28-2006

Hello! I was wondering how to define a foreign character? Is there some escape character for that? For example: i'm looping through my file, and when some character equals 'c', i would like to write it as 'č' (if you can see that character):

Code:

int myChar;
FILE myFlow;

    //opening file and looping until EOF

        if(myChar=='c'){
            myChar='č';
            putc(myChar,myFlow);
        }

Nothing happens. Where am i going wrong?

**Happy_Reaper** · 08-28-2006

Look up how to create and display Unicode characters. It is obvious the character you're trying to display is not in ASCII. Either that or wait till someone who knows how to do that comes along...

**dwks** · 08-28-2006

You might try printing the character by using the ASCII code for it. For example,

Code:

myChar=140;

**Happy_Reaper** · 08-28-2006

I don't believe that would work as that character does not have an ASCII code.

**dwks** · 08-28-2006

It may, under the OP's system. (In Linux there's something like that.) In any case, it would be an extended character and non-portable.

**gavio** · 08-28-2006

It's working. myChar=232... However, there's a new problem. I have declared myFlow like this:

Code:

FILE *myFlow;
    myFlow=fopen("test.txt","r");

       //and when i use putc, nothing happens
           putc(myChar,myFlow);

Does "r" have to do something with it?

**dwks** · 08-28-2006

You might have to open the file in binary mode ("rb"). I don't know if you can write extended characters to a text file.

**gavio** · 08-28-2006

Nothing happens... 'c' stays 'c'... even if i use a standard character (for example 'a'). It's not writing into the file. Where am i going wrong?

**dwks** · 08-28-2006

*slaps head* "r" is read mode. You can't write to a file opened in that mode. Open the file in a write mode, such as "w" (file erased for new data) or maybe "a" (append, new data at the end of the file).

**gavio** · 08-28-2006

This is what i'm using:

Code:

int myChar;
FILE *myFlow;
	myFlow=fopen("test.txt","w");
		while((myChar=getc(myFlow))!=EOF){
			myChar='a';  //for example, i would like to rewrite every character with 'a'
				putc(myChar,myFlow);
		}
			fclose(myFlow);

I have also tried with "a" and "rb". With "w", the file is empty, with "a" and "rb", nothing happens. How to do this right? Ohh... i forgot to mention... i'm totally new to C

**dwks** · 08-28-2006

You can't read (getc()) from a file opened for writing; and you can't write (putc()) to a file opened for reading. Try "r+" or "a+" ("w+" would truncuate the file).

**gavio** · 08-28-2006

Thank you dwks! How stupid of me... all i needed was 2 FILE flows.

**Happy_Reaper** · 08-28-2006

Actually, I think that dwks was suggesting that you creat a FILE stream for BOTH reading and writing. That's what he meant by trying "r+" or "a+".

**gavio** · 08-28-2006

I understood that, but cannot make it work. I have tried "r+" and "a+" but nothing happened. I have made it work with 2 flows ("r" and "w").

This was actually for LaTeX (if you're familiar)... i need to read some special characters:

''c is č
''z is ž

...and so on. Now... i just have a "quicky"

I'm reading from for example "test.txt" and writing to "testTmp.txt". How can i now, when proccess is completed, delete "test.txt" and rename "testTmp.txt" to "test.txt"... so transformed file will have the same name as original one. Am i making any sence?

**dwks** · 08-28-2006

Yes, use the rename() function to rename a file. (The behaviour is undefined if the target file already exists, so use remove() to delete the target file first.)

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