Dynamic array allocation and reallocation

Well my other thread regarding the best way to get user input got me thinking. Using fgets() and fgetc() are great if you have an array of a predetermined size and you don't want to overflow the buffer.

It led me to a different question of how to handle user input of any size without limitation. I came up with the following code which sort of works except for some reason that I can't figure out it also seems to place garbage characters into the buffer along with the wanted ones.

When I enter the string: asdf

It gives me this as output, you can clearly see the 'a', 's', 'd', 'f' in there along with the garbage: aÍÍýýýýsÌÌÌÀ dÌÌÌÀ fÌÌÌÀÿ

Here is my code for anyone that wants to try and figure out my error:

Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
	char c1[1];			//used for fgetc
	char *ptr;			//pointer to dynamic array
	int ar_size = 1;	//incremental counter for size of dynamic array

		printf("\n- Enter a string: ");

		c1[0] = fgetc(stdin);
		ptr = (char *)calloc(ar_size, sizeof(char));
		strcpy(ptr, c1);

	/*	loop until no more chars in the input stream	*/ 
		while( (c1[0] = fgetc(stdin)) != '\n' )
		{
			ptr = (char *)realloc((char *)ptr, ar_size*sizeof(char));
			strcat(ptr, c1);
			ar_size++;
		}

		printf("\n- Successfully allocated memory for: %s", ptr);

	/*	used in Windows environment to keep window open	*/
		printf("\n\nPress ENTER to exit...");
		fgetc(stdin);

	return(0);
}

To allocate space for a string, you don't have to go through all this - look up the malloc function.

The only difference that I know of between malloc and calloc is that calloc zeros out the array if it's of a numeric type, or NULLs out the array if it's of type char.

I don't see how that would help, but I could be wrong.

both arguments to strcat() should be null terminated strings (c1 is not)

strcat() is therefore reading out of c1 and into garbage space, and you're lucky things are running at all

edit: it's too early in the morning for me, but i dont think ptr is null-terminated either

this compiled and worked fine for me, but that in it self doesnt mean much

Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int main (void)
{
  char c1[2];
  char *ptr;
  int ar_size = 2;
  ptr = (char *) calloc (1, 1);
  c1[1] = '\0';
  printf  ("\nType some shizzle fo my nizzle:\n");

  while ((c1[0] = fgetc (stdin)) != '\n')
  {
    ptr = (char *) realloc ((char *) ptr, ar_size);
    ptr[ar_size - 1] = '\0';
    strcat (ptr, c1);
    ar_size++;
  }
  printf ("\nMeh: %s\n", ptr);
  free (ptr);
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

Sweet...thanks for pointing that out. I made some minor alterations and now it works flawlessly.

- I increased the size of c1 by one to allow room for one char and the NULL.

- I also increased the initial value of ar_size by one for basically the same reason so the char and the NULL can fit when doing strcpy() and strcat().

- I manually added the NULL character to the end of the c1 array and also to the array that ptr points to.

Here is the finalized working code, enjoy...BIG THANKS to moi for pointing out that minor problem

Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
	char c1[2];			//used for fgetc
	char *ptr;			//pointer to dynamic array
	int ar_size = 2;	//incremental counter for size of dynamic array

		printf("\n- Enter a string: ");

		c1[0] = fgetc(stdin);
		c1[1] = '\0';
		ptr = (char *)calloc(ar_size, sizeof(char));
		strcpy(ptr, c1);

	/*	loop until no more chars in the input stream	*/ 
		while( (c1[0] = fgetc(stdin)) != '\n' )
		{
			c1[1] = '\0';
			ptr = (char *)realloc((char *)ptr, ar_size*sizeof(char));
			ptr[ar_size-1] = '\0';
			strcat(ptr, c1);
			ar_size++;
		}

		printf("\n- Successfully allocated memory for: %s", ptr);

	/*	used in Windows environment to keep window open	*/
		printf("\n\nPress ENTER to exit...");
		fgetc(stdin);

	return(0);
}

Heh...you beat me to it

Remember that fgetc() returns an int, whereas you are assigning it to a char. I know you're not testing for EOF in this particular program, but for good habit's sake, use an int!

Also, don't use the same pointer as the first parm to realloc() as you do to receive the functions return value. If realloc() fails, it will return NULL, and you will loose the pointer to the original memory block, thus creating a leak.

Originally posted by Hammer
If realloc() fails, it will return NULL, and you will loose the pointer to the original memory block, thus creating a leak.

eww good point (i never use realloc)

so a safe usage of realloc would be

edit: fixed stupiditiy

Code:

int oldsize;
int newsize;
char *thingy;
char *tmp;
/* snip */
if (!(thingy = malloc (oldsize)))
  /* handle failure to allocate original size */
tmp = thingy;
if (!(thingy = realloc (thingy, newsize)))
  /* handle failure to allocate new size, but no memory leak
   * because we can call free (tmp); */

right?

Code:

char *mainptr, *tempptr;

mainptr = malloc(10);

tempptr = realloc(mainptr, 20);

if (tempptr == NULL)
{
	/* request for more memory failed */
	/* but we're still running. */
	/* mainptr still points to our original block */
}
else
{
	/* got more memory OK, reassign pointers */
	mainptr = tempptr;
}

I think this matches what you said, but you didn't give realloc() enough parms, so I can't be sure.

Yes I totally agree Hammer, although this program was just for fun to see if I could code it.

Originally posted by Hammer

Code:

char *mainptr, *tempptr;

mainptr = malloc(10);

tempptr = realloc(mainptr, 20);

if (tempptr == NULL)
{
	/* request for more memory failed */
	/* but we're still running. */
	/* mainptr still points to our original block */
}
else
{
	/* got more memory OK, reassign pointers */
	mainptr = tempptr;
}

I think this matches what you said, but you didn't give realloc() enough parms, so I can't be sure.

DOH it's too early for me

>Yes I totally agree Hammer, although this program was just for fun to see if I could code it.
Good, and I'm glad you're having fun.

>DOH it's too early for me
I have that trouble too, late at night... eyes failing... brain shutdown....

You also don't need to call malloc before calling realloc.

So long as you initialise your pointer to NULL, you can do this