Entry Level Help.

I am trying to write a program that asks the user to enter an integer representing an hour (an hour range from 0 - 167) Lets assume Monday at midnight is 0 and Sunday at 11pm is 167.. I need to print out the day of the weak and time am or pm. Here is what i have thats not working.

Code:

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int main(void)
    10
    11  {
    12
    13  int hour;
    14  #define day (Monday || Tuesday || Wednesday || Thursday || Friday || Saturday || Sunday)
    15
    16  printf("Enter hours: ");
    17  scanf("%d", &hour);
    18
    19  if (hour < 24)
    20  day = Monday;
    21  else if (hour > 23 || hour < 48)
    22  day = Tuesday;
    23  else if (hour > 47 || hour < 72)
    24  day = Wednesday;
    25  else if (hour > 71 || hour < 96)
    26  day = Thursday;
    27  else if (hour > 95 || hour < 120)
    28  day = Friday;
    29  else if (hour > 119 || hour < 144)
    30  day = Saturday;
    31  else ( hour > 143 || hour < 168)
    32  day = Sunday;
    33
    34  printf("Result: %d\n", day);

---

okay, think of this in two parts:

1) use a number [0-167] to find the day.

2) once you find the day, you have some remainder of an integer, use that to [0 - 23] to find the hour.

You need to use the logic AND operator && not the logical OR.
And the initial #define doesn't make any sense unless you want to set up a bit mask, which i guess you don't.
Perhaps you meant to use an enum instead.

Code:

---

enum day {Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thirsday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday};

---

Also, consider the fact that days are multiples of 24, and a simple division will give you the day based on hours.

Quote:

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Originally Posted by xuftugulus

You need to use the logic AND operator && not the logical OR.
And the initial #define doesn't make any sense unless you want to set up a bit mask, which i guess you don't.
Perhaps you meant to use an enum instead.

Code:

---

enum day {Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thirsday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday};

---

Also, consider the fact that days are multiples of 24, and a simple division will give you the day based on hours.

---

I tried this enum and am still getting an error when I used the word day in my code. Can you give me an example of using divisions to find the day...

If we use the proposed enum to represent days, then the words Monday,Tuesday, etc will be automatically assigned by the C compiler to the constant numbers 0,1,..
The fact is that integer division in C, is done like it would cutoff decimals if decimals were there.
Eg: 23/5 = 4.6, but if 23 and 4 are of type int, then 23/5 == 4.
Consider the fact that every day has 24 hours, and a simple C integer division with 24 will give you the day of the week as a number, starting from 0.

I am looking in my book, I do not see a way to printf an enum.

I have been working on this for 3 hours now. =(

The definition of enum is that the names within it are mapped to numbers, constant numbers for the program.

Code:

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enum fruits {Apples, Bananas, Oranges, Lemons};

---

The type of Apples, Bananas, Oranges, Lemons is int.
Their values are 0,1,2,3
It is just the C way of not having to write 0,1,2,3 where you would want to refer to a specific 'fruit'.
You can use enum fruits as a type for a variable, it evaluates to int.
So:

Code:

---

    enum fruits z;
    int k;

---

Is the C way of telling the same thing. enum is there to provide a short and easy way to make tag markers for simple sets with elements that are unique and different and are represented as a number.
Do you find it clearer now?

I understand how enum works but what are z and k doing

Code:

---


    9  int main(void)
    10
    11  {
    12
    13  int hour, day;
    14  enum day {Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday} s;
    15
    16  printf("Enter hours: ");
    17  scanf("%d", &hour);
    18
    19  if (hour < 24)
    20  day = Monday;
    21  else if (hour > 23 || hour < 48)
    22  day = Tuesday;
    23  else if (hour > 47 || hour < 72)
    24  day = Wednesday;
    25  else if (hour > 71 || hour < 96)
    26  day = Thursday;
    27  else if (hour > 95 || hour < 120)
    28  day = Friday;
    29  else if (hour > 119 || hour < 144)
    30  day = Saturday;
    31  else
    32  day = Sunday;
    33
    34  printf("Result: %d\n", s);
    35  printf("PROGRAM ENDS\n");
    36 
    37  return 0;
    38  }

---

I still cannot get it to print out the day of the week. There are no more errors when I compile it, but it always gives me a huge negative number when I enter a number.

1. Try moving the enum type declaration outside main.
2. If you insist to find the day using if, then read aloud what you are testing for in every case, and look again at my first post where i mention something about using the wrong logical operator.
3. You find the day in the variable named 'day', but print the variable named 's'.

I understand my mistake with logical operators. Thank you. Now I get a value of 0,1,2,3,4,5,6when I run the program. It is printing the enums and not the days of the week.

Code:

---


    7  #include <stdio.h>
    8
    9
    10  enum day {Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday};
    11
    12
    13  int main(void)
    14
    15  {
    16
    17  int hour, day;
    18
    19  printf("Enter hours: ");
    20  scanf("&#37;d", &hour);
    21
    22  if (hour < 24)
    23  day = Monday;
    24  else if (hour > 23 && hour < 48)
    25  day = Tuesday;
    26  else if (hour > 47 && hour < 72)
    27  day = Wednesday;
    28  else if (hour > 71 && hour < 96)
    29  day = Thursday;
    30  else if (hour > 95 && hour < 120)
    31  day = Friday;
    32  else if (hour > 119 && hour < 144)
    33  day = Saturday;
    34  else
    35  day = Sunday;
    36
    37  printf("Result: %d\n", day);
    38  printf("PROGRAM ENDS\n");

---

Good to see you understand the errors, and more so that you learn from them.
As i told you the program would print numbers. We use enum, so that we can write programs that are more descriptive of their operation.

Code:

---

    ....
    26  else if (hour > 47 && hour < 72)
    27  day = 2;

---

Which is more understandable, your version or the one i wrote here?
If you need to print the days of the week in human readable format you will need to tell your program, to map the numbers to text. We usually use an array of constant string to do that.
For example.
I would write:

Code:

---

enum fruit {Apple, Orange, Banana, Lemon};
char fruitName[4][7] = {"Apple", "Orange", "Banana", "Lemon"};

int main()
{
    int iLike;

    printf("What fruit do you like?\n");
    printf("1. Apple\n");
    printf("2. Orange\n");
    printf("3. Banana!\n");
    printf("4. Lemon?\n");
    scanf("%d", &iLike);
    iLike++;  /* the enum constants start from 0 in this example */
    if(iLike==Apple || iLike==Orange || iLike==Banana || iLike==Lemon)
        printf("So you really like [%s]? Me too!\n", fruitName[iLike]);
    else
        printf("Hmmm... raw meat sound good to you huh?\n");
    return 0;
}

---

Notice the use of the human readable names to verify that the user actually likes a fruit.
Doesn't it make it much easier to read the purpose of the program?

Honestly, I understand the program I wrote more clearly. I am 8 weeks into "Intro to computing" course. Thank you for your help. My next task is to try and get it to print the day of week and not the number.

Quote:

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Originally Posted by alex1067

Honestly, I understand the program I wrote more clearly. I am 8 weeks into "Intro to computing" course. Thank you for your help. My next task is to try and get it to print the day of week and not the number.

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The reason you understand yours better is because you aren't willing to try and grasp what he's doing.

Also, your solution might be quick and dirty and somewhat easy to understand, but what if you had a much larger data range? Eg, not just up to 144 hours? What if the max were 10240?

You could solve your problem with integer division and an array with the proper days in it. Using that solution, it would be no more than .. 4 lines of code or so, excluding the mandatory main function and such.

Few errors/fixes in the fruit example :)

Code:

---

enum fruit {Apple = 0, Orange, Banana, Lemon, Num_Fruits};
char fruitName[4][7] = {"Apple", "Orange", "Banana", "Lemon"};

int main()
{
    int iLike;

    printf("What fruit do you like?\n");
    printf("1. Apple\n");
    printf("2. Orange\n");
    printf("3. Banana!\n");
    printf("4. Lemon?\n");
    scanf("%d", &iLike);
    iLike--;  /* the enum constants start from 0 in this example */
    if(iLike < Num_Fruits)
        printf("So you really like [%s]? Me too!\n", fruitName[iLike]);
    else
        printf("Hmmm... raw meat sound good to you huh?\n");
    return 0;
}

---

Quote:

---

johnyc@pazuzu:~/Projects/test$ cat enum.c

---

Code:

---

#include <stdio.h>

enum {A,B,C,D};

int main()
{
        printf("A: &#37;d, B: %d, C: %d, D: %d\n",A,B,C,D);
        return 0;
}

---

Quote:

---

johnyc@pazuzu:~/Projects/test$ gcc -o enum enum.c
johnyc@pazuzu:~/Projects/test$ gcc -Wall -ansi -pedantic -o enum enum.c
johnyc@pazuzu:~/Projects/test$ ./enum
A: 0, B: 1, C: 2, D: 3
johnyc@pazuzu:~/Projects/test$

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I believe enumerated constants start at 0 by default.

As for the test, it was purposefully written such that it demonstrates the readability of enum constants versus "magic" numbers.

Ice Dane, I am a junior Electrical engineering student and this is the only programming course I have to take. We are on "loops" in the book and that is what is supposed to be used for the assignment. No arrays, just statements and loops. Let me remind you all this is an INTRO level course. Some of the stuff you guys have said isn't even in my book or is on the last few chapters. I will have the solution for program tomorrow and post it.

I think this board is a little to far advanced for me. You guys really know your stuff. Way out of my league. =)

> I believe enumerated constants start at 0 by default.
They do, and I pointed out your error.

Code:

---

int iLike;

printf("What fruit do you like?\n");
printf("1. Apple\n");
printf("2. Orange\n");
printf("3. Banana!\n");
printf("4. Lemon?\n");
scanf("%d", &iLike);
iLike++;  /* the enum constants start from 0 in this example */

---

If the user enters, 1 for apple. They then like 1 + 1 = 2 (Banana), Rather than 1 - 1 = 0 (Apple).

In short you increased iLike when you should have decreased it. That means you go out-of-bounds when you try to access a "Lemon" for example. It's name would then be... according to you fruitname[5] (out-of-bounds) -- No, it's fruitname[3]. Run it through a debugger and see for yourself.

> As for the test, it was purposefully written such that it demonstrates the readability of enum constants versus "magic" numbers.
No excuse for errors :)

Quote:

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Originally Posted by zacs7

> I believe enumerated constants start at 0 by default.
They do, and I pointed out your error.

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True, i meant --

Quote:

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No excuse for errors :)

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True. Compilers make errors, humans with a vast dislike for sleep almost never. ;)

Quote:

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Originally Posted by alex1067

We are on "loops" in the book and that is what is supposed to be used for the assignment. No arrays, just statements and loops.

---

Except there's no loop at all in your code :)

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by alex1067

Ice Dane, I am a junior Electrical engineering student and this is the only programming course I have to take. We are on "loops" in the book and that is what is supposed to be used for the assignment. No arrays, just statements and loops. Let me remind you all this is an INTRO level course. Some of the stuff you guys have said isn't even in my book or is on the last few chapters. I will have the solution for program tomorrow and post it.

I think this board is a little to far advanced for me. You guys really know your stuff. Way out of my league. =)

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Well if your an Electrical Engineer, to be honest there's no escaping programming. In fact it's kind of ridiculous that EE's have to take only one programming course when almost all embedded programmers are EE's/CE's. So learn from these people, because when it comes time to programming a microcontroller which you can either code in assembly or C and most industries would choose C because of it's maintainability and portability, you'll wish you'd paid attention to these peoples suggestions.

I'm a EE that writes C for a living. I wouldn't want to escape programming, even if I could. It's a lot better than E-mag. ;)

Electromagnetics has been my favorite course :)

How similar is C programming to MATlab?