abstract:
http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/primality.pdf...a deterministic polynomial-time algorithm that determines whether an input number n is prime or composite.
[Manindra Agrawal, Neeraj Kayal, Nitin Saxtena - Dept. of Comp. Sci. & Eng., Indian Inst. of Technology, Kanpur]
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Originally posted here.
edit: overcame my earlier reticence and posted the direct link to the algorithm here.